America s Form Of Government - 1364 Words

America s form of government is not that obvious anymore, nevertheless, one thing is for sure; it is definitely making the idea of democracy, an obscure, abstract version of itself. A Democratic government provides every citizen of legal age with the free and equal right to play a role in a system that elects representatives of the population. It is done so by the majority of people’s votes, which promise to meet their will. America gives the impression to be headed in the orientation of Plutocracy. This special form of government believes that a society should be somewhat governed by its wealthiest members. Over the past decades, the Supreme Court has allowed those who provide ridiculous sums of money to â€Å"buy† the elections, rather than the will of the population. Income inequality is still increasing, the middle class is vanishing, and the crazy Republican Party continue to do everything in their power to block raising the minimum wage for what makes the majority of the United States; the hard working Americans. So far, women still don t make equal pay for equal work, and CEOs make absurd remuneration, while workers are sadly forced for greater productivity and for far less money. Rich people are getting richer, while the poor (or working-class) are barely living from paycheck to paycheck. So, does this form of government respond to our interests? It would be hard to believe so. The founders who wrote the constitution of the United States shared a passionate belief,Show MoreRelated Common Sense Essay579 Words   |  3 PagesThomas Paine writes that America cannot recon ciliate with Great Britain. Paine gives many examples in this document of why America cannot reconsolidates with Great Britain. One of them is there is no advantages to being connected to Great Britain; only disadvantages can come out of the connection and the second idea is British government must sooner or later end. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the first point about the connection with the British, Paine states that America can benefit much more ifRead MoreThe Many Faces Of Socialism1314 Words   |  6 Pagesothers harsh and controlling. Socialism has been an important political and economic idea since the early eighteenth century; It has gained popularity from the underlying idea that the government, market, and social systems should benefit the people not large corporations. Socialism is the idea that a state s economy and society should be run democratically and should meet the needs of the people, not make profits for the rich (What is Democratic Socialism? QA.). Core focuses of socialismRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine1036 Words   |  5 Pagesthat government is a â€Å"necessary evil†. His argument begins with more general reflections about government and religion, then progresses onto the specifics. There is a quote from the first page of Common Sense that lays out Paine s general conception of government. â€Å"Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Paine begins Common Sense with observing that people have a tendency to confuse government withRead MoreBroken Politics And Broken Dreams1440 Words   |  6 PagesDreams What is a perfect form of government? What are politics and why do they matter? Now that you have thought about it, you may have thought this. The perfect government is one that does not internally fight itself over an opinion on a topic. It serves its citizens faithfully and cares for their thoughts and opinions. Politics are supposed to influence the government to make it better and to support its citizens. Politics helps us make a better government. Do you think America fits that descriptionRead MoreEnglish Is An Official Language Of At Least 50 Countries.1636 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage of at least 50 countries. In this list the United States of America is excluded. English might be viewed as the national language due to its popularity in America but that is not the case. The U.S. has never had an official language since its foundation. At the foundation of the United States of America in 1780, there was some proposal by some individuals like Adam john and others who held sim ilar opinion to start a government English academy that would teach English with the aim of making itRead MoreImperialism : A Vital Goal And Factor1695 Words   |  7 Pagesthey are lured into conflicts that force upon the human rights of the populations of other countries. Yet, America is still meaning to take this valuable element from the countries we subjugate. They take all this land in hopes to become dominant, nonetheless, America never considers the hardships they themselves went through or the fight for independence from England. Looking back, America was similar to those small and gradually developing countries they are taking over. Another crucial AmericanRead MoreThe Debate Over Time Federalism1120 Words   |  5 Pages America was once a confederacy from the year 1777, when it was ratified, and was replaced with the Constitution Americans have today in 1789. America is now considered a country with a system of government called federalism. America has three main compo nents to their federalism, National government, State government and Local government. The interaction between the National Government and all the States governments have a set of guidelines found in our Constitution; While state constitution setsRead MoreEducation : Education And Development1281 Words   |  6 PagesEducation took a shift in the 1950’s in Latin America. Due to the change of society, education began to shift as well. Education in Latin America went from consumption to production and striving the development of all nations and mass education was the key to access modernization. Schooling was a way of teaching the knowledge, values, and attitudes that would modernize a society as well as uphold the industrial economy. The focal point of education in Latin America was to emphasize the importance ofRead MoreWashington Vs. Roman Empire1648 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge, as well as numerous other aspects. Even in contemporary day America, a myriad of aspects of the Roman Empire are reflected within Washington, which initially enabled the Roman Empire to be quite prosperous. The Roman Empire’s developments influenced Washington politically, as they impacted the perspectives of many political leaders and it allowed them to expand their power of the presidency to diverse branches of government, leading to numerous advancements in laws. Economically, WashingtonRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1081 Words   |  5 Pagesborder illegally is at its lowest since the 1970’s†. That must mean America is doing something right. The current US Immigration policies should not be reformed because the United States government is putting forth efforts to secure the borders, they are beginning to construct the court process easier and faster, and lastly they are approaching the topic of undocumented immigrants (Obama 1). Immigration in America used to be very flexible and open. America originated through immigration which resulted

Controlling Chaos Free Essays

Eric Santana Controlling Chaos There is a common understanding that growth in any aspect of the economy is a grand concept. However, when growth begins to start spreading out in such a manner that it becomes uncontrollable, there is an inherent issue. Such is the case in David Carle’s essay â€Å"Sprawling Gridlock†. We will write a custom essay sample on Controlling Chaos or any similar topic only for you Order Now Carle mentions several pervading issues and problems with the rapid growth and spread of Southern California, and outlines measures taken against the expansion. Carle’s resolve and purpose of this essay is to describe and illustrate the issue of the uncontrolled spread of urbanization, and the relation of this rapid growth to the quality of life of its inhabitants. Carle outlines rapid, spread out growth for problems such as traffic congestion, land developers putting pressure on land owners, and the accountability of citizens, businesses, and developers in financing the repairs to this damaged infrastructure. According to Carle, the traffic congestion that was consuming Southern California through the 1990’s was becoming a nightmare that threatened the livelihood of all of its participants. â€Å"Road Rage† was born and was the result of creeping, gridlocked freeways that frustrated commuters spent hours in getting from point A to point B. The spread, development, construction, and growth of urbanized communities along these freeways compounded and multiplied the severity of these congested motorways. This was costing two billion dollars in wasted time and petrol. The correlation between these motorways and the urbanized spread began in the early 1900’s. Back then, the Pacific Electric trolley cars carried more than one hundred million passengers over around one thousand miles of track. The independence an automobile represented appealed to citizens and soon changed the way they commute from â€Å"mass-transit† to â€Å"rapid-transit†. This change begun with the construction of the Arroyo Seco Parkway in 1940 (the first motorway opened in California and connected Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena). Through 1996, California became paved with over one hundred seventy thousand miles worth of roads. However, the rapid growth and urbanized spread of Southern California did not construct fast enough to keep up with the growing mass of commuters. Solutions such as freeway widening created construction that worsened gridlock initially, created improved congestion once completed, and created a new gridlock after a couple years of growth catching up to transit. This inefficiency and spread gridlock of the Southern California motorways had an unprecedented effect on the quality of life of its citizens. Not only were the half-million hours they spent every day in their commutes having a fiscal effect, but a psychological effect as well. Not only was this evident in the increased number (and methods) of road rage incidents, but also in the manner that the time spent in traffic denied them their personal independence. The countless hours citizens spent sitting or crawling in traffic made them feel trapped as though they were entirely limited of all ability to control their journey; the very concept that attracted Southern Californians away from timetabled mass-transit, to the complete freedom of the automobile. This growth and spread of urbanized Southern California did not only effect the commutes of their citizens, but it also effected the development pressures of their land. One of the largest population growths of Los Angeles occurred between 1970 to 1990. The forty-five percent increase in population correlated into a three hundred percent increase in developed land area. This increase of population, innovations of the motor ways, the State Water Project, and air conditioning gave birth to fastest growing cities in California (the cities on the outskirts of the Greater Los Angeles area). The spike in the population of these cities created increased pressures on land owners by land developers. The uncontrolled growth and spread of urbanization lead to estates and lands being bought out and developed. The psychological pressures and aesthetic discrepancies these land developers were created had a profound effect on the quality of life of citizens. The example Carle uses to describe the detriment on the quality of life of citizens by developers is the Warne family. The Warne family had owned orange groves on their (undeveloped) land since the 1960’s. After the passing of Henry and Ellen Warne, land developers began placing severe pressures on the descendants of the family. Land developers were already constructing â€Å"planned residential communities† outside their ranch, and were doing everything they could to purchase the last bit of land from the Warne descendants. To compound the pressures they were already facing, estate taxes were to be due that would require the descendants to pay fifty-five percent of the estates total value. These state taxes and land development pressures led to several farmers and land-owners having to sell their land (that soon became more developed urbanized â€Å"sprawl†). Although the Warne’s eventually were not forced to have their precious orange groves destroyed and developed, nine acres of land they owned and designated as strawberry fields were completely eradicated by developers. The method in which this land was zoned by the city created a value surpassing millions of d ollars, and allowed their estate tax debts to be paid. This example illustrates an extraordinary effect on the quality of life that uncontrolled spread of urbanization manifested. The pressures by land developers and estate taxes not only lowered the quality of life for the land owner, but also for the citizens stuck in gridlock and all urbanized Southern California. The urbanized sprawl and planned residential communities replaced the open space and farmland. In the extreme developed spread and gridlock, those large open spaces were like sanctuaries to the urbanized mind. The effect this had on the quality of life was that uncontrolled urbanization was everywhere, and was inescapable. Aesthetically pleasing views of natural land became no longer present in the communities of Southern California, and created a psychological void of â€Å"nature† in the urbanized mind of its citizens. Beyond the physical appeal and traffic congestion, the sprawl was having a negative effect upon air pollution and endangered species as well. Finally, coalitions began deciding that developers, businesses, and citizens must start being accountable in financing repairs to this damaged infrastructure. After California was declared the most urbanized state in the nation, the publication of Beyond Sprawl: New Patterns of Growth to Fit the New California was released in 1995. In this publication, there was a call to arms for â€Å"smarter growth† in developing areas and communities. It also called for the redevelopment of some already developed business and residential districts as well as encourages high-density inhabitance. Beyond Sprawl illustrated that the expenses of public services and infrastructure are hardly ever paid by development profits or taxes incurred to new businesses and residents. This meant that all development that spread out around Southern California had to start financing the marginal costs imposed in the area. The publication figured schools, sewage systems, transportation facilities, water systems and other municipal systems into the equation of calculating infrastructure costs. The total cost of infrastructure repair according to Beyond Sprawl was $24,500 for each new single-family residence; an unrealistic solution to solving the urbanized problems. Accordingly, accumulating additional tax payers to pay into the subsidy pool was the only logistic method of sustaining the subsidization of infrastructure repair and growth. The effect this would have on the quality of life of individuals in a community would mean less encouragement to engage in government planning and decision making processes due to the distribution of costs. This publication eventually led up to the 1987 growth control initiative on the Orange County ballot. This initiative was forged by citizens to put limits and control on urbanized growth, but was defeated when special interests opposition spent 2. 5 million dollars to defeat the campaign. The effect this had on the quality of life was quite negative because no growth controls were able to get implemented, and nobody could be accountable for financing infrastructure repairs and growth. The effects of the uncontrolled growth and urbanized spread of Southern California are greatly impacted upon its inhabitants. They range from unbearable traffic congestion (wasted time, money, and freedom), to total loss of any natural scenery (open space and farmland destroyed for development). From the species of animals that have become endangered do to these developments, to the pressures of special interest developers upon honest, hard-working land owners. All of these effects have greatly deteriorated and relinquished the quality of life that the citizens of Southern California once moved here to attain. A literal sprawling gridlock has a substantial effect on all aspects of urbanized life. From birth to adolescence, adolescence to adulthood, and adulthood to an elderly age, the urbanized spread influences all aspects of life. During adolescence, an individual growing up in a sprawling gridlock is influenced by the distance and time they must travel to do necessary activities (such as education, recreation, medical attention etc. ). The individual is influenced by the travel they must complete to achieve their tasks. When in route, they do not see open spaced, natural land. They see miles upon miles of pavement and urbanization. This may have a detrimental ffect upon their psyche as their minds process the artificial scenery of sprawled gridlock. This urbanized spread influences raising a family by limiting the number of activities a family may do. Due to the incredible gridlock that congested freeways create, families have less opportunity to go new places and do new things. This creates a barrier between families and the outside world. Without the ability to have leis urely outings as a family, the quality of life for that family is dramatically less than that of a family living outside of the urbanized sprawl. Likewise in building a community, the sprawled gridlock limits the possibilities in having a thriving, happy community. Without the ability or land to build and maintain parks, a community is nothing more than a large spread of houses. There is no way for a community to assemble or have recreational activities in the wake of these negative effects. Land developers and sprawling gridlock completely consumed everything, and left nothing more for communities to share. This extremely hinders the building of a happy community. Overall the sprawling gridlock is a complete determent and contradiction to a high quality life of its inhabitants. One may not be able to engage in complete personal freedom and independence if one is caught living in â€Å"the sprawl†. From the congested freeways to the concrete jungle, one cannot escape from the effects of rapid urbanization. The relationship between unregulated urbanized growth and the quality of the life for its inhabitants is a sprawled gridlock indeed. How to cite Controlling Chaos, Essay examples

Environment Management Answers To Question Bank free essay sample

Non-renewable Natural Resources: Important things in the environment that do not come back naturally, for example ores and fossil fuels. Environmental Management: A purposeful activity with the goal to maintain and improve the state of environmental resources affected by human activities. Objectives of Environmental Studies: According to UNESCO (1971), the objectives of environmental studies are: (a) Creating the awareness about environmental problems among people. (b) Imparting basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems. C) Developing an attitude of concern for the environment. D) Motivating public to participate in environment protection and environment improvement. (e) Acquiring skills to help the concerned individuals in identifying and solving environmental problems. (f) Striving to attain harmony with Nature. Need for managers to study Environment Management: In ecology, sustainability is how biological systems remain diverse and productive. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.Healthy ecosystems and environments are necessary to the survival of humans and other organisms. Ways of reducing active human impact are environment-friendly chemical engineering environmental resources management and environmental protection. Environmental Managers play major role in: i. Keeping track of hazardous materials and informing the public of possible harm to humans and the environment ii. Minimizing waste and preventing pollution iii. Identifying and minimizing environmental impacts from the organizations activities iv.Raising environmental and social responsibility awareness v. Establishing programs for sustainable resource use vi. Set up an information sharing system to assure institutional coordination ii. Prepare and release annual sustainability reports SQ. Write short notes on Environmental Audit Life Cycle Assessment. Answer: Sources: 1 . Http://YMMV. Sin. Org. UK/publications/on-Nine/advisories/45/45. HTML 2. Http://www. Environmentalists. Com. AU/what-is-an-environmental- audit. HTML 3. Http://en. Wisped. Rag/wick/Life-ices_assessment A] Environmental Audit: Environmental Audit reflects various types of evaluations intended to identify the gaps be;en the environmental compliance and management system implementation and suggest the related corrective actions. Many types of audit have been carried out by companies: 1] Compliance Audit: The most common type of audit consisting of checks against environmental legislation and company policy; 2] Issues Audit: An evaluation of how a companys activities relate to an environmental issue or (e. G. Global pollution, energy use) or an evaluation of a specific issue (e. . Buildings, supplies) 3] Health and Safety Audit: An assessment Of risks and contingency planning (sometimes merged with environmental auditing because of the interconnected impacts of industrial processes and hazards) 4] Site Audit: An audit of a particular tit to examine actual or potential environmental problems 5] Corporate Audit: An audit of the whole company and its polices, structures, procedures and practices 6] Due Diligence Audit: An assessment of potential environmental and financial risks and liabilities carried out before a company merger or site acquisition or divestiture (e. . Contaminated land remediation costs) 7] Activity or Operational Audit: An assessment of activities that may cross company departments or units (e. G. Energy or waste management) Stages in Audit: 1] Pre-audit Stage: Full management commitmentSetting overall goals, objectives, scope and priorities Selecting a team to ensure objectivity and professional competence 2] Audit Stage: On-site audit, well defined and systematic using protocols or checklists Review of documents and records Review of policies Interviews Site inspection 3] Post- audit Stage: Evaluation of findings Reporting with recommendations preparation Of an action plan Follow-up Benefits of Environmental Audit: Organizations understand how to meet their legal requirements Organizations can demonstrate they are environmentally responsible Organizations can demonstrate their environmental policy is implementedUnderstanding environmental interactions of products, services activities Knowing their environmental risks are m anaged appropriately understanding how to develop and implement an ISO 14001 MESS Improving environmental performance and saving money B] Life-Cycle Assessment: It is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a products life from cradle to grave (i. E. , from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling).Goals purpose: The goal of LLC is to identify all inputs and outputs of material flows used in reading products services and assessing how these material flows impact the environment. This information is used to improve processes, support policy and provide a sound basis for informed decisions. There are 2 main types of LLC: 1] Attribution Alas: They seek to establish the burdens associated with the production and use of a product, or with a specific service or process, at a point in time (typically the recent past). ] Consequential Alas: They seek to identify the environmental consequences of a decision or a proposed change in a system under study 4 Main Phases of LLC: ] Goal Scope: The goal and scope document therefore includes technical details that guide subsequent work: The functional unit, which defines what precisely is being studied and quantifies the service delivered by the product system, providing a reference to which the inputs and outputs can be related. Alternative goods or services can be compared and analyzed.The system boundaries Any assumptions and limitations The impact categories chosen 2] Life Cycle Inventory: It involves creating an inventory of flows from and to nature for a product system. Inventory flows include inputs of water, energy, ND raw materials, and releases to air, land, and water. TO develop the inventory, a flow model of the technical system is constructed using data on inputs and outputs. The flow model is typically illustrated with a flow chart that includes the activities that are going to be assessed in the relevant supply chain and gives a clear picture of the technical system boundaries. The input and output data needed for the construction of the model are collected for all activities within the system boundary, including from the supply chain The data must be related to the functional unit defined in the goal and scope definition. Data can be presented in tables and some interpretations can be made already at this stage 3] Life Cycle Impact Assessment: This phase is aimed at evaluating the significance of potential environmental impacts based on the LLC flow results.Classical life cycle impact assessment (ILIAC) consists of the following mandatory elements: Selection of impact categories, category indicators, and characterization models; The classification stage, where the inventory parameters are sorted and assigned to specific impact categories; and Impact measurement, where the categorized LLC flows are characterized, using one f many possible ILIAC methodologies, into common equivalence units that are then summed to provide an overall impact category total. ] Interpretation: Its a systematic technique to identify, quantify, check, and evaluate information from the results of the life cycle inventory and/or the life cycle impact assessment. The results from the last two phases are summarized during this phase. Interpretation phase should include: Identification of significant issues based on the results of the LLC and ILIAC phases of an LLC Evaluation of the study considering completeness, insensitivity and consistency checks Conclusions, limitations and recommendations SQ. Ozone Layer: Its importance to our planet, harms of its depletion ways in which it may be minimized. Answer: Sources: 1 . Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Ozone_Rarer 2. Http://study. Com/academy/lesson/the-ozone-layer-importance-and-the- harmful-effects-of-thinning. HTML 3. Http://www. EPA. Gob/specula/science/ effects/index. HTML 4. Http://vow. Grenadier. Com/5-ways-prevent-ozone-depletion. HTML Ozone are: The ozone layer refers to a region of Earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the Suns LLC radiation. It contains high concentrations of ozone (03) relative to other parts of the atmosphere. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion Of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometers (12 to 19 mi) above Earth.The ozone layer was discovered in 1 913 by the French physicists Charles Fairy and Henry Poisson. Ozone in the Earth s stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (02), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen); the atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken 02 to create ozone, 03. The ozone molecule is unstable (although, in the troposphere, long-lived) and when ultraviolet light hits ozone it splits into a molecule of 02 and an atom of atomic oxygen, a continuing process called the ozone-oxygen cycle.Chemically, this can be described as: 02 + have -i 20 o + 02 0 03 Impo rtance of Ozone Layer: The sun radiates large variety of radiations including ultraviolet radiations which are very harmful to the human body. LIVE radiation causes skin cancer and cataracts. IV radiation also affects the fertility of other animals, as well as the viability of their offspring. Plants are affected by IV radiation because it effects their ability to grow and develop correctly. The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation rays and prevents them from coming to the surface of the earth thus saving the human beings from harmful rays.This ozone layer in the stratosphere is considered to be good ozone. The ozone layer occurring naturally in the lower layers of the atmosphere helps remove the pollutants from the surface of the earth. Harms of Ozone Depletion: The ozone layer can be depleted by free radical catalysts, including nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NON), hydroxyl (OH), atomic chlorine (C), and atomic bromine (BRB). But, the concentrations of chlorine and bromine have increased markedly in recent years due to the release of large quantities of man-made organelles compounds, especially chlorofluorocarbons (Cuffs) and burglarproofing.This gives rise to Ozone Holes, which is nothing but an annual thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, caused by stratospheric chlorine. It is unable to absorb the harmful Ultra-violet rays. IV radiation causes non-melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development. In addition, IV has been linked to cataracts a clouding of the eyes lens. Physiological and developmental processes of plants are affected by CIVIC radiation. It brings changes in plant form, distribution of nutrients within the plant, timing of developmental phases and secondary metabolism. Ozone-depletion causes reduction in phytoplankton production which is the foundation of aquatic food webs. Also, it results in decreased reproductive capacity and impaired larval development of fish, shrimp, crab, amphibians and other animals. Increases in solar LIVE radiation could affect terrestrial and aquatic biochemical cycles, thus altering both sources and sinks Of greenhouse and chemically-important race gases e. G. , carbon dioxide (CO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbonyl sulfide (COOS) and possibly other gases, including ozone.Synthetic polymers, naturally occurring polymers, as well as some other materials of commercial interest are adversely affected by solar IV radiation. Increased IV radiation accelerates their breakdown. Ways to reduce Ozone Layer depletion: Reducing the use of private vehicles, the emissions from which create smog which depletes Ozone layer. Car pooling taking public transport, walking, using a bicycle, using vehicles having hybrid/electric zero emission engine will e the good alternatives. Usage of CEO-friendly and natural cleaning products (free of toxic chemicals) for household chores is a great way to prevent ozone depletion.Pesticides may be an easy solution for getting rid of weed, but are harmful for the ozone layer. The best solution for this would be to try using natural remedies. A lot of rocket launches result in combustion by products that are ozone-destroying compounds. So, stringent regulation should be developed regarding this. Governments across the world should take a strong stand for banning the use of harmful compounds like Cuffs, Nitrous Oxide etc. o Save the ozone layer. SQ. Renewable Energy Innovations: Its need/importance. List its commercial advantages 5 reasons of its limited/slow growth in India.Answer: 1 . Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Renewable_energy 2. Http://remarkableness. Bloodspot. In/ADD 2/10/why-is-renewable-energy- important-for. HTML 3. Http://www. W. Seas. Ii/Renewable/ 4. Http:// www. Bridgetown. Com/blob/tag/renewable-purchase-obligations/ Renewable Energy: Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tidal waves, geothermal heat and bio fuels that are grown and harvested without fossil fuels.Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/ space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Need/elementary of Renewable Energy Innovations: Fossil fuels when burn, create harmful greenhouse gas emissions and our planet is already feeling the Impact of climate change. By using renewable energy instead of fossil fuels we would significantly decrease the current levels of greenhouse gas emissions, and this would have positive environmental impact for our entire planet.Renewable energy can improve our energy security by reducing the need for foreign Oil import. The global Oil market has been characterized by extremely volatile prices and our dependence on oil continues to grow. By switching to renewable energy and using more domestic renewable energy sources, we would drastically improve our energy security and energy independence. Renewable energy offers variety of different options to choose from. What this means is that countries can choose between sun, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, water sources, etc, depending on the potential and availability of each of these sourc es. Renewable energy can also give strong boost to our economy in form of new jobs. The number of people employed within the renewable energy industry is rapidly growing. Renewable energy can help in fight against poverty by playing part in electrification of many rural areas in developing world. In these rural areas renewable energy is much cheaper energy option to satisfy energy needs as compared to traditional energy solutions. Renewable energy can also help improve political ties between countries by haring tech analogical know-how.Some large renewable energy projects could even be joined works of two or more different countries. Commercial Advantages of Renewable Energy Innovations: A] Building Designs: New buildings should be designed with minimum energy use in mind. Renewable energy measures such as solar thermal / heat pumps / biomass boilers / stoves can then also be considered. Buildings designed to create a comfortable working environment with the min mum of artificial heating, cooling and lighting have lower energy costs and environmental impacts. B] Geothermal/Ground Source Heat Pumps:Ground source heat pumps are an ideal solution for heating and cooling in commercial buildings. These systems can collect energy through pipes buried just below the ground. Also, the running costs are lower. C] Solar Panels: Solar collectors can be particularly economical for space or water heating in large buildings. Photovoltaic (IV) panels, which convert solar energy directly into electricity, can be used for powering electric fencing or as a backup power where grid supplies are unreliable. D] Landfill Sites: ; mandrill sites continue to produce environmentally damaging and potentially gizzards methane emissions.Collecting this gas for electricity production is a cheap, clean and highly successful renewable energy technology. E] Bio- fuels: Bio-fuels, derived from a variety of crops and wastes, can be blended with conventional vehicle fuels to produce a greener alternative. Using bio-fuels reduces CO emissions and the use of finite fossil fuels. F] Wind Turbines: Small wind turbines combined with battery storage can provide a solution to electricity supply problems for small communities and businesses. 5 Reasons of limited growth of Renewable Energy in India:-Growth in the Indian solar sector has slowed down in 2013. The main reason for the slowdown is uncertainties and delays around policies. The new government wants to now push the solar market. India is an ideal market for renewable energy. It has got a vast potential for generating power from the sun, from wind, from small hydrophone and from biomass. But, Bureaucracy and a lack of dependable and transparent policies are holding back investments. Previously government used to provide 2 types of incentives i. E. Accelerated Depreciation (AD) Generation-Based Incentive (GOBI). AD would revive tax-benefits, whereas GOBI would provide incentives for every turbine installation. Both these incentives are withdrawn. Due to this, investors are not turning up. Bottlenecks caused by Indians weak grid system are another barrier to higher growth of renewable energy. Due to weak grid system, the generated electricity cannot be transmitted to the remote and deprived areas. Sluggish market dynamics, lack of holistic vision, absence of long term planning are the other reasons for slow growth of renewable energy in India.Q 1) b) Carl Fredricks ideologies visa-a-visa environment what major issues are dealt in the feature? Carl Frederickson, the protagonist of the movie, worked hard to fulfill his and his passed away wifes dream of having club house on the cliff facing paradise falls. He gets disturbed by the heavy arbitration around his house which also forces him to leave his place. He makes makeshift aircraft by using 1 0000 helium balloons which lifts his house. He takes his house toward paradise falls which suffers from thunderstorm; destroying few balloons, due to which, his floating house comes closer to hill surface but far away from falls.He drags his house award falls; during this journey he comes across his childhood hero Mount who wanted to capture a bird. Mount uses dogs as slaves for capturing bird controls them through electrical methods. Which shows humans can go to any levels for their wants and wishes. Carl throws all his belongings which he preserves as memories; so that he can fly his house for saving bird. He fights with Mount and saves bird; and helps injured bird to find her chi kicks leaving them safe in their natural habitat. Also accepts Dug as his own dog. He gives away his belongings, his house, wife memories to save bird and the environment there.

Jurassic Park Essays (688 words) - Jurassic Park,

Jurassic Park A billionaire has created a technique to clone dinosaurs. From the left behind DNA that his crack team of scientists and experts extract he is able to grow the dinosaurs in labs and lock them up on an island behind electrified fences. He has created a sort of theme park on the island which is located off the west coast of Costa Rica. The island is called Isla Nublar. He plans to have the entire planet come and visit his wondrous marvels. He asks a group of scientists from several different fields to come and view the park, but something terribly goes wrong when a worker on the island turns traitor and shuts down the power. II. A Description of the Most Important Aspects of the Contents. The main characters in the book are: John Hammond who is a billionaire developer who has used his resources to create the dinosaur filled island known as Jurassic Park. He is an old grandfather, and he dies in the book by a dinosaur known as a Procompsognathus. Dr. Alan Grant who is a renowned paleontologist who agrees to visit Jurassic Park only to find out it is the home of several Dinosaurs. Unlike the movie Dr. Grant loves kids in the book. He also had a of a beard. Dr. Ellie Sattler is a Paleobotinist and Alan Grant who is among the first people to tour Jurassic Park. Tim who is the 11 year old grandson of John Hammond. He is kind of geeky, into computers and loves Dinosaurs. His 7 year older sister is Alexis. She has a kind of tomboy attitude and loves base-ball Ian Malcom is the Mathematician that uses "Chaos Theory" to predict disastrous results. he only wears black and gray. He is presumably dead in Jurassic Park the book, but "miraculously" is in the sequel, The Lost World. Finally there is Dennis Nedry. He was the computer genius who's greed and ambition bring chaos to Jurassic Park. There are many other characters that played a big part in the book, but I thought they were the best and the plot revolved around them. The characters show the greatest difference in the movie and the book. There were many opposites in the characters and even the roles and elements of Tim and Lex were reversed. The book starts off when some of the dinosaurs have escaped form the island. John Hammond invites a group of scientists to the park. He also invites his grandchildren. Denis Nedry took a bribe from a rival company to get samples of Dinosaur DNA. In order to make his escape, he turns the power off, even the electric fences. All hell breaks loose when the humans try to warn a boat that it's transporting Dinosaurs to the mainland, and run away from them at the same time. III. The Significance of the Book to the Student. This book had plenty of significance in it, even though a lot of the elements that were significant were hidden. First of all this book thought us a few basic things about DNA. How it's the building blocks of life, and stuff can be cloned. Like that sheep, Dolly. Also it taught us what some scientific practices were about when different scientists visited the island. Suchexamples are paleontologists, paleobotanists, and mathematicians. 1 other thing that this book teaches the student is that it is a prime example of the differences between the movie and the book. And yes, the book was better. IV. Evaluation of the Book. Personally, I thought this was a great book. When I saw the movie, it was a blast. I loved the movie, but when I read the book for the first time I was blown away. This has been the second time I've read it and I must say it hasn't lost his touch. When I read the book the first time I was rooting for the different characters and all, and the second time I read it, it still kept those same elements. It still had it's flavor. That's what I loved about this book. There is one thing I must recommend about this book though. Read it as something for fun, not for school. And go at your own pace, but read a lot, it's a big book. The experience of the book it much better then.

A Diversity Essay For Medical School

A Diversity Essay For Medical SchoolA diversity essay for medical school is a great way to make a big impact on your ability to get into the program. This is especially true if you are a minority that is not only in an underrepresented group but in an underrepresented field as well. At the same time, it does not mean that you have to specialize in one subject to write such a document. You do not have to put up with dealing with the staidness and monotony of life in any given hospital.You can bring fresh ideas and perspectives to the medical or healthcare industry without worrying about what people will think about your lack of background. If you know you have a unique set of experiences and qualifications that will stand out, then go for it. The more you express your unique talents and skills, the better. Just remember that this type of essay should also be written from the perspective of the applicant, and not the hospital administration.The main point of the essay is to get you not iced, and one way to do that is to leave your future hospital behind. There are few hospitals that might be looking for a diversity essay, so keep that in mind when writing this document. This document will become your resume, a representation of your health information, and the impression you make on the board.When you write about yourself, you will want to highlight your diverse experience and education that have given you the needed edge to succeed in the healthcare industry. What you need to do is to make a case for why you deserve the special treatment you are getting, and how that will benefit the institution.The diversity essay for medical school is one of the most effective ways to get ahead of others who are applying for the same or similar positions. It is written based on the words of others who already have the credentials and leadership ability to get ahead of others. Thisis a great resource, but the document should not be too personal, because it will be written for th e hospital administrator and not the person.You need to get multiple sources to cover all of the main points. They may have worked with you at the hospital before, or they might have applied for the position themselves. Use them to get a good picture of what you have accomplished to get to where you are now.This essay is an excellent introduction to a specialized healthcare area. It will show you why you are qualified to handle this particular area, and provide enough information to convince the administrator that you are a viable candidate. When you have a chance to use this approach, make sure you go for it.

Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics

Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics Introduction Ethics in workplace is a leadership issue that has raised concerns in the recent past. An organization depends on its employees in order to achieve its desired results. In order to do this, employees must be ethical in their actions and ensure that they work as per the expectations that are stipulated by the management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to McCarthy Eastman (2010, p. 25), ethics refers to a standard behavior that is acceptable within a given setting. These scholars say that although ethics may be considered as being universal, there are some cases where ethics may differ. This means that what one organization considers as ethical behavior may be unethical in another organization. Besides the need to motivate employees, one of the most important issues that a manager always tries to inculcate on their e mployees is ethics. When employees embrace ethical behavior, they can follow instruction given without any deviation (Taborda 2011, p. 87). Through ethics, employees will stay away from such unethical practices as pilferage that affects a firm negatively. Customer service also needs ethics in order to ensure that customers are served in a satisfactory and respectful manner. There has been an argument of how best ethics can be inculcated among employees. According to Daft (2009, p. 41), ethics is not something that can be forced into an employee. It is fear that can be generated when the management decides to use punitive measures against those employees who go against the set laws. However, Bird (2007, p. 220) says that fear is not a form of ethics, because when this fear is eliminated, then such an employee would be involved in unethical behavior with impunity. Eliminating fear at workplace can be an easy task for regular employees. They only need to understand the system and chann els through which their unethical behavior can be detected. Once this is clear, then they can easily avoid paths that may make them prone to being caught. As Sharma (2008, p. 55) says, ethics is something that should be in the mind of people. It should be a responsibility of the person. It is because of this that the researcher is interested in determining the influence of formal cultural systems on promotion of ethics.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion Arguments about Formal Cultural System According to Sirkin, Keenan and Jackson (2005, p. 67), organizational culture is gaining popularity at a very fast rate in the current corporate world. The competition in the corporate world has become very stiff, and many firms are trying to find a way of making their products unique in the market. To achieve this, many firms have realized that the best thing to do is to develop a culture that is unique to itself. Organizational culture refers to the practices and the general conduct that all members of the organization are expected of when dealing with members of the organization and with customers (DeAnne, Gary, Hyde Tipping 2004, p. 78). It also involves the manner in which employees will address any task assigned to them, and how they should relate to the environment. The main reason why firms are always keen on developing organizational culture is to develop a system that would enable employees work without feeling that they are forced with instruction. It creates an environment where employees understand their responsibilities and appreciates the importance of accomplishing the assigned tasks without close monitoring. It also eliminates constant supervision from the top management. Kratschmer (2011, p. 26) says that employees always deliver more when they are allowed to work without feeling intimidated. Supervision creates this intimidation, and the o utput of an employee is always very poor when they work under such intimidation. However, Basslin (1990, p. 78) says that employees cannot be allowed to work without any close monitoring in order to ensure that they are within the right track. For a long time, managements struggled with the idea of finding the best way to monitor activities of employees without making them realize that they were being monitored. This was not an easy task until some scholars came up with organizational culture. This culture allows managers to make employees not only understand what they are expected to do but also memorize all the procedures involved in handling the tasks and how to make relevant report. Organizational culture enables the management to ensure that employees work as expected without any direct supervision. It also helps in creating responsibility among the employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics specifically fo r you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The culture will always make employees understand that the organization is a system. In this system, they are the individual drivers that must work together in order to make this system run. The employees will understand their position within the system, and the possible consequence that the system may be subjected to when they fail to do their part. They will therefore, feel responsible, as they would need to help this system achieve its objectives by constantly delivering their input. To the management, their task will be reduced to finding ways of improving service delivery of the system and ensuring that the employees are constantly motivated. This culture must be made formal. According to Bardes, Mayer and Piccolo (2008, p. 185), it is not advisable for an organization to develop a good organizational culture and fail to make it formal. This is because when this culture is made formal all the employees would have the m oral authority to follow it. They will also find it challenging to ignore this culture because it is legally binding. When this culture is made formal, all members of the organization would feel that all actions done in spirit of the culture would yield good results that would be acceptable. It would be very interesting to understand the relationship between formal cultural system and ethics within the organization. To do this, the researcher will try to answer the question below. Is the formal cultural system within a firm the most important favor in creating an ethical workplace? To respond to this question, it would require an analysis into the available literature about this topic. Researchers have conducted various empirical studies in order to determine if formal cultural system within a firm is the most important favor in creating an ethical workplace. Ideas and Assertion about Influence of Formal Cultural System on Ethics In the above section, the researcher has created a de tailed insight into what a formal cultural system is. It is also clear from the above section that term ethics is defined as behavioral standards that are acceptable within the system. Of interest now would be to determine how formal cultural system would influence ethics within a firm.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Baekdal, Hansen, Todbjerg and Mikkelsen (2006, p. 57), ethics and organizational culture has close relationship. This scholar says that when developing an organizational culture, the management would try to ensure that they set a culture that is conscious of the expected ethics. This scholar says that when developing the culture, the management would first determine all the ethical issues that are relevant within the organization. After determining this, these ethical issues will be intertwined with the culture. This argument is supported by Goolnik (2006, p. 65) who says that when developing an organizational culture, the most important thing that the management has to consider is the relevant ethical issues. When the employees adopt a culture within the organization, it should be that which is within the ethical considerations. Bass (1985, p. 47) gives a new insight into the relationship between formal cultural system and ethics. This scholar says that it is not possi ble to separate ethics from formal cultural practice because cultural practice in itself is expected to be formal. When an organization develops a formal cultural system that is not conscious to ethics, it would be nearly impossible to inculcate ethics within the organization, because these two forces should be modified in a way that they will pull together. In case there is a moment they are allowed to pull in different directions, the one which is considered easier to achieve by employees would be followed. Avolio and Yammarino (2008, p.67) on the other hand, think that the argument given by this scholar is partly true, but lacks some practical insights. These scholars say that it is true that ethics and organizational culture are inter-twined. However, this scholar says that there is no moment that the management would develop a culture that is unethical because they stand to bear the consequence. The scholars also reiterate that it is practically impossible for an organization t o capture all ethical issues in its organizational culture. However, a scholar thinks that the only thing that a firm can do is to develop a system that would show the employees the right path to follow when handling various activities with a leeway of making personal decisions that are considered ethical. This means that the management can only create a culture that offers guideline towards ethical behavior. Ethics may not be easily achieved in the workplace unless the members understand that it is needed to ensure sustainability and development for everyone. Banutu (2004, p. 150) argues McGregor’s Theory Y. He says that employees can be self-motivated to deliver the expected results as long as they are provided with an environment that supports this. To this extend, the best way of promoting ethics within an organization is to create a formal cultural system that will create a good environment for employees to work without direct supervision. When this is realized, employee s will develop a sense of responsibility in whatever activity they are engaged in. This would lead to a need to act ethically when undertaking various assignments. This means that formal cultural system would be creating an environment for employees within a firm to act ethically. Given that the cultural system is formal, they will know that their actions are legally binding and would therefore, feel protected for every ethical decision they make which is in line with the cultural system. This means that employees will not need to make constant referrals to higher authorities when they are subjected to issues that are new to them but within their jurisdiction. The guiding principle would be clear based on the formal cultural system upon which the organization runs. This system would therefore, promote ethical behavior from the perspective that this would bring benefits to the individual and to the organization. Pros and Corns of Using Formal Cultural System to Promote Ethics Accordi ng to Devis (2008, p. 46), formal cultural system will always promote ethics, but this works from McGregor’s Theory X perspective. This scholar says that given opportunity, employees would want to spend a lot of time in leisure because naturally, a human being hates work. This means that when there is no tight system put in place to monitor their activities and behavior, then they will tend to avoid their duties, involve in activities that would give them quick effortless gains such as corruption and other activities that are detrimental to the success of the organization they are working. This scholar also agrees with the fact that when forced to work under direct supervision, employees would always feel a lot of pressure that may lower their final output. This means that management must find a way of making employees deliver good results and work ethically without feeling this pressure. To achieve ethics in this context, Armstrong (2001, p. 45) says that formal cultural sys tem would be beneficial. To this extent, the scholar says that the system should be developed to make employees realize that they have responsibility to be ethical in their actions. However, Anderson (2011, p. 89) warns that this system should not be punitive in nature. The employees should not feel that the system is set to give punishment at the slightest misstep because it would make them work under pressure, and this affects their productivity. The system should make them understand that while in this organization, there is a manner in which every activity in done and any contravention to the laid principles would result into negative consequences to the organization. Being part of the organization, any negative effect to the organization would automatically affect the individual negatively (Wilson 1992, p. 97). This system will be acting as an agent that would deter an unethical act. The moment an individual is faced with the temptation to engage in unethical act, the system wo uld be a constant reminder of both the short term and long-term consequences of such acts. This would be a way of promoting ethics in the workplace, but from the perspective of the possible consequences. Conclusion and Recommendations The above discussion has demonstrated that formal cultural system is the best way through which an organization can ensure that there is ethics at the workplace. One of the best ways of ensuring that employees work ethically within the workplace is to ensure that there is constant supervision from the management. However, in the current competitive world, no organization can afford to hire such a large number of employees whose work will just be supervision. Organizations are growing learner in terms of the number of employees and therefore, every employee would have a specific task other within the firm with a few top management individuals responsible for making policies and supervisory work. Researchers have also confirmed that when employees work u nder direct supervision, their output is reduced. This makes formal cultural system the efficient tool in promoting ethics within an organization. Whether it is taken from the perspective of Theory X or Theory Y, the fact is that this system can help promote ethics at workplace. It is therefore, recommended that leaders use formal cultural system to promote ethics. List of References Anderson, M 2011, Bottom-Line Organization Development: Implementing and Evaluating Strategic Change for Lasting Value, Elsevier, Burlington. Armstrong, S 2001, Are you a â€Å"transformational† coach? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 44-47. Avolio, B Yammarino, F 2008, Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, United Kingdom. Baekdal, T, Hansen, K, Todbjerg L Mikkelsen, H 2006, â€Å"Handle change management projects more effectively† Change Management Handbook, vol. 1, no. 27, pp. 7-57. Banutu , M 2004, Great leaders teach exemplary followership and serve as servant leaders, Journal of American Academy of Business, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 143-151, via EBSCOhost Library database. Bardes, M, Mayer, D Piccolo, R 2008, Do servant-leaders help satisfy follower needs? An organizational justice perspective, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psycholog, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 180-197, via EBSCOhost Library database. Bass, B 1985, Leadership and performance beyond expectations, Free Press, New York. Basslin, B 1990, Stogdills handbook of leadership: theory, research and managerial applications, Free Press, New York. Bird, A 2007, Team structure and success as related to cohesiveness and leadership, Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 217-223, via EBSCOhost Library database. Daft, R 2009, Organization Theory and Design, Cengage Learning, New York. DeAnne, A, Gary, N, Hyde, P Tipping, A 2004, Ten Guiding Principles Of Change Management, Booz Company, New York. Dev is, J 2008, Ethics in the Workplace, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey. Goolnik, G 2006, â€Å"Effective Change Management Strategies for Embedding Online Learning within Higher Education and Enabling the Effective Continuing Professional Development of its Academic Staff†, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, vol. 7, no. 1, pp 10-78. Kratschmer, P 2011, Organizational Culture is Highly Resistant to Change: Discuss, GRIN Verlag, New York. McCarthy, C Eastman, D 2010, â€Å"Change Management Strategies for an Effective EMR Implementation,† Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, vol. 1, no. 39, pp 20-41. Sharma, R 2008, Change Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi. Sirkin, H Keenan, P Jackson, A 2005, â€Å"The Hard Side of Change Management†, Harvard Business Review, vol. 3, no. 4, pp 1-18. Taborda, L 2011, Enterprise Release Management: Agile Delivery of a Strategic Change Portfolio, Artech House, New York. Wilson, D 19 92, A Strategy of Change: Concepts and Controversies in the Management of Change, Cengage Learning, London.

Tips for Salvaging Flood Damaged Photos, Papers Books

Tips for Salvaging Flood Damaged Photos, Papers Books When disasters hit, most people dont mourn the refrigerator or the couch but the loss of precious family photographs, scrapbooks, and memorabilia can be devastating. While it may seem as if theres nothing to be done when faced with piles of soggy, mud-spattered documents, pictures, and other paper items, saving at least some of them may be possible if you follow a few simple steps. How to Save Water-Damaged Photos Most printed photographs, photographic negatives, and color slides can be cleaned and air-dried using the following steps: Carefully lift the photos from the mud and dirty water. Remove them from water-logged albums and separate any that are stuck together, being careful not to rub or touch the wet emulsion of the photo surface.Gently rinse both sides of the photo in a bucket or sink filled with clear, cold water. Do not rub the photos, and change the water frequently.Time is of the essence, so as soon as you can arrange adequate space, lay each wet photo face-up on any clean blotting paper, such as a paper towel. Dont use newspapers or printed paper towels, as the ink may transfer to your wet photos. Change the blotting paper every hour or two until the photos dry. Try to dry the photos indoors if possible, as sun and wind will cause them to curl more quickly.If you dont have time to dry your damaged photos right away, rinse them to remove any mud and debris. Carefully stack the wet photos between sheets of wax paper and seal them in a zipper-type plastic bag. If possible, freeze the photos to inhibit d amage. This way, photos can be defrosted, separated, and air-dried when you have the time to do it properly. More Tips for Handling Water Damaged Photographs Try to get to flood-damaged photos within two days or they will begin to mold or stick together, making it much less likely they can be salvaged.Begin with photographs for which there are no negatives, or for which the negatives are also water damaged.Pictures in frames need to be saved when they are still soaking wet, otherwise, the photo surface will stick to the glass as it dries and you will not be able to separate them without damaging the photo emulsion. To remove a wet photo from a picture frame, keep the glass and photo together. Holding both, rinse with clear flowing water, using the water stream to gently separate the photo from the glass. Note: Some historical photographs are very sensitive to water damage and may not be recoverable. Older or valuable photographs should not be frozen without first consulting a professional conservator. You may also want to send any damaged heirloom photos to a professional photo restorer after drying. Other Paperwork Marriage licenses, birth certificates, favorite books, letters, old tax returns, and other paper-based items can usually be saved after a drenching. The key is to remove the dampness as quickly as possible, before mold  sets in. The simplest approach to salvaging water-damaged papers and books is to lay the damp items on blotting paper to absorb moisture. Paper towels are a good option, as long as you stick to the plain white ones without the fancy prints.  Avoid using newsprint since the ink may run. How to Save Water-Damaged Papers Books As with photos, most papers, documents, and  books can be cleaned and air-dried using the following steps: Carefully remove the papers from the water.If the damage is from dirty flood water, gently rinse the papers in a bucket or sink of clear, cold water. If they are especially fragile, try laying the papers on a flat surface and rinsing with a gentle spray of water.Lay the papers individually on a flat surface, out of direct sunlight. If the papers are soggy, put them in piles to dry out a bit before attempting to separate them. If space is a problem, you can string fishing line across a room and use it as you would a clothesline.Put an oscillating fan in the room where you are drying your papers to increase air circulation and speed the process.For water-logged books, the best option is to place absorbent paper between the wet pages (this is called interleaving) and then lay the books flat to dry. You dont have to place blotter paper  between  every page, just every 20-50 pages or so. Change the blotting paper every few hours.If you have wet papers or books that you just cant deal with right away, seal them in plastic zipper bags and stick them in the freezer. This helps to stop  the deterioration  of the paper and prevents mold from setting in. When cleaning up after a flood or water leak, remember that books and papers dont have to be directly in the water to suffer damage. The increased humidity is enough to trigger the growth of mold. Its important to remove books and papers from a wet location as soon as possible and move them to a location with fans and/or dehumidifiers to speed air circulation and lower humidity. After your papers and books are completely dry, they may still suffer from a residual musty smell. To combat this, place the papers in a cool, dry place for a couple of days. If the musty smell still lingers, put the books or papers in an open box and put that inside a larger, closed container with an open box of baking soda to absorb odors. Be careful not to let the baking soda touch the books, and check the box daily for mold. If your important papers or photos have developed mold and must be discarded, have them copied or digitally scanned before throwing them out.