Teenagers: A Despairing Glimpse At Future Generations

My piece is an argumentative article, intended for publication in a broadsheet newspaper such as The Daily Telegraph. The primary purpose is to argue a rather controversial idea based upon the semantic field of teenage culture and behaviour; however, the piece also aims to entertain with frequent use of humour through hyperbole and sarcasm, such as â€Å"Oh, how mature†. The text is aimed at an audience of educated adults, hence the formal and somewhat advanced lexis perpetuated throughout. My piece is based on an article by Quentin Letts, from which I adopted such linguistic features as repetitive listing, comedic imagery, satirical imitation and inclusive mode of address. I realised that Letts' style was often overly pretentious, and that he often presents views which would be seen as controversial or belligerent by most, as displayed by the declarative â€Å"Many of us are bog-standard class†. His altercations often target certain groups of people, and this was utilised in my own piece by attacking a whole generation, much to the amusement of the given audience. Both mine and Letts' articles are comparable in the sense that they are both self-deprecating: Letts, attacking the British whilst being a Briton himself, and me, attacking teenagers whilst acknowledging that I am a teenager myself. The use of mode of address helps to punctuate the self-inclusive nature, with the first-person plural pronoun â€Å"we† used to bridge a connection between me and teenagers, and to establish an unwanted common ground. Although I am wholly included within the recipients of my own blame, I make it obvious that I wish to be distanced from teenagers as I am writing from a viewpoint which does not want to be related with teenagers. I utilise various methods which help emphasise my stance. A method of intimidation which Letts uses is imitation as demonstrated with the declarative â€Å"e don't love me!†, which is thus emulated in my piece with: â€Å"ME MAM BURNT ME CHIKEN NUGETS!† which also uses satiric misspelling to hyperbolise the remark, and maintain the humour of the piece in order to conform to the purpose. The use of such imitation makes clear the dissonance between me and teenagers as it directly parodies them in a somewhat demeaning way. Letts helps to convey his argument by use of metaphors such as â€Å"climbing down into the gutter is a dangerous tactic†. This was mirrored in my piece with the metaphor â€Å"we speedily climb the ladder of maturity, whilst our parents wait at the top† which not only presents clever imagery to affirm the point for the reader, but also provides humour in a more refined way; use of such humour is used to adjust more with the audience of the piece. When writing the piece, I aimed to argue my point in a succinct and structured way, which would simultaneously permeate an air of humour and pretension which Letts so adequately upholds. The audience is under consideration throughout, with clear attempts to maintain formal lexis and thus appease those of higher education and class, as shown with such words as the concrete noun â€Å"cacophony† and the descriptive adjective â€Å"gargantuan†. Yet this effectively contrasts with the satiric use of informal lexis such as colloquial adjective â€Å"plastered†, and the ironic use of such text abbreviations as â€Å"TBH† and â€Å"IDK†.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fdi in India Essay

1 Dr S Narayan is Head of Research and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS), an autonomous research institute at the National University of Singapore. He was formerly Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister of India. Dr Narayan can be contacted at snarayan43@gmail.com. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of ISAS. In September 2012, the Government of India announced several economic policy reform measures that included a move to allow 51 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. In the same announcement, it relaxed norms for foreign direct investment in the aviation sector, allowing international airlines to invest in domestic peers and cleared a slew of other reform-oriented measures – an increase of FDI in some broadcasting services. The issue of FDI in retail has attracted considerable political debate. The matter was first proposed by the Government in 2 010, but had to be withdrawn because of political opposition. This time, the Government appears to be firm in pushing the policy through. It is possible to adduce several reasons for the determination of the Government. First, the ruling United Progressive Alliance (UPA) Government, and in particular the Congress party, has been battered by allegations of corruption and scams all through 2012, and needs a breather to establish its authority to govern. The criticism in the foreign media and by academics that the Government has been in a state of policy paralysis, which has prevented it from taking even basic measures to improve governance, has hurt its image. 2 The crisis in coal supply for power generation and the poor progress of infrastructure projects have given the impression that executive decisions have come to a halt. On the trade front, the growing current account deficit, as well as the weakening of the rupee, has been seen as warning signals for the economy. The growing fiscal deficit, the inability to control expenditure on subsidies, and a slowing economy have caused international investors and rating agencies to downgrade expectations about the Indian economy. The latest GDP growth figures of 5.3 per cent are lower than the expectations of the Government and the Reserve Bank of India alike, and the persistent inflation is hurting the entire population, especially those with fixed incomes. There was, therefore, a need to induce some confidence about the economy. In the past, the current account deficit was bridged by FDI, inflows into capital markets, and through inwardremittances. Of these, the first two had seen a sharp drop in 2010 and 2011. The equity markets were trading 30 per cent below pre-2008 crisis levels, with little appetite for fresh capital issues. FDI was dropping steadily after 2008 and dropped to 40 per cent of the 2011-12 level in the subsequent year. The high fiscal deficit was also crowding out private borrowings. In short, there was need for a correction to infuse external capital into the economy by improving the sentiment in the financial markets and by giving a signal that could restore FDI flows. The reform announcements of September 2012 were an attempt at that. There were other arguments as well. The retail sector in India has been growing at a combined annual growth rate of 6.4 per cent over the period 1998-2010, and is estimated to be worth around Rs. 50,000 crores (US$ 10 billion) in 2010. However, the contribution of organised retail remains low. As against the United States, which has the organised to unorganised ratio of 85:15, in India, it is only 10:90. Organised retail has been growing rapidly and is expected to have a share of 22 per cent before 2017. There are also several consumption-related growth drivers for retail. India’s per capita income, in real terms, has doubled between 2000 and 2011, and income levels are expected to triple in nominal terms in the next 20 years. Average real household income has grown at an annual rate of 3.8 per cent from 1985 to 2005. The middle class population as defined at an income level of Rs. 200,000 and above at the 2000- price level is expected to increase to 40 per cent of the population b y 2025. Per household consumption expenditure has also doubled in the last decade along with rising income levels. The fast pace of urbanisation is also changing consumption patterns. As per the United Nations’ state of the populations report, 40 per cent of India’s population is expected to reside in urban agglomerates by 2030. Finally, the demographic pattern of the population, with 60 per cent of the population at 35 years or less, is driving consumption towards more modern, technologically advanced products that are the strength of modern retail outlets. In terms of the share of the various sectors in the retail industry in India, clothing and food have a share of 38.1 per cent and 11.5 per cent respectively, according to the IBEF retail report 2011. 3 As per the Indian Government’s announced policy, FDI in multi-brand retail is to be allowed only in towns which have a population of more than one million, which restricts the entry to around 35 cities. The minimum amount to be brought in by the foreign player is US$ 100 million; 50 per cent of the total FDI brought in should be invested in back-end infrastructure such as processing, logistics, warehousing and improvements in manufacturing. Fresh agricultural products may be unbranded. FDI in multi-brand retail trading in the form of e-commerce would not be permissible. Asset creation is expected to be done primarily by the foreign player. The advantage, from the Government’s point of view, is an increased opportunity for employment. It is estimated that organised retail has created over 1.5 million jobs in the period 2005-2009. The quality of employment is also superior to the opportunities in the unorganised sector. The organised sector would make a higher contributio n to tax revenues through increased VAT and eventually, GST revenues. From the point of view of customers, they are likely to get better products, lower defective items, increased choice and quality of products, and the availability of global products in local markets. For the farmers, there would be a reduction in the level of intermediaries, improvement in supply chain management, requisite infrastructure in cold chain, warehousing and transportation logistics, technological improvements in crop production, and rational and fair pricing of products. The limitation of applicability to cities with a population of one million or more implies that this would be applicable only to 35 cities in 15 states. These are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. It is also stipulated in the policy that State Governments and Union Territories would be free to take thei r own decisions in regard to the implementation of the policy. In perspective, this policy appears to have several significant positives. It is an executive decision, well within the purview of the executive, with no need for parliamentary approval. First, on the economic side, this would lead to modernisation of retail and investment in technology, logistics and the value chain. Second, there would be opportunities of greater, higher quality of employment. Third, multiplier effects can be had in the domestic economy in the fields of warehousing, transportation and ancillary activities. Fourth, this opens up opportunities for improving the quality of employment in these sectors. Fifth, there is an assurance of greater revenue mobilisation. Sixth, this would lead to more inward capital flows and investments. Against this backdrop, there has been strong opposition to the move and political parties are lined up to oppose the move. One of the members of the UPA, the Trinamool Congress, has walked out of the alliance on this issue, leaving the Government technically in parliamentary minority, though they have the outside support of two major parties from Uttar Pradesh. 4 The opposition puts forth several arguments. First, that unorganised retail in India is run by a large number of small entrepreneurs who serve the immediate neighbourhood, and who would be driven out of business by the advent of large supermarkets. There is evidence that this has happened in some states in the US and in smaller towns in the United Kingdom and Australia. The small stores would not have the technological capability or the financial muscle to compete on equal terms with the large retail chains, and hence would be at a disadvantage. The strength of small retail lies in familiarity with the customer, that enables credit transactions to take place and provides for customer conveniences like small quantities and home delivery, which would not be possible from a large retail chain. Further, the very nature of large retail investment would require large real estate space, requiring transportation and higher transaction volumes. Therefore the concept is elitist, available only to a select few in the higher income ranges, and not of use to the common man, who constitutes of over 50 per cent of the rural and small-town consumers. So runs the argument. Secondly, it is contended that farmers would be at a disadvantage. The large retailers would be in a position to enforce supply contracts that would push farm prices down, thus affecting farmer’s incomes. Third, the tendency to stock mass-manufactured goods would lead to more imported goods being on offer, to the disadvantage of local manufacturers. Finally, the smaller retail stores are able to offer employment to even unskilled workers, of whom there are plenty in India. The employment requirement in large multi-brand retail stores would be for the better skilled, thus driving the poorer out of employment. These are some of the other arguments being advanced. Existing traders are lobbying hard with their own state governments against the introduction of FDI in retail. At the same time, large local retailers, who have multi-brand shops, do not also want the international names to come in, as they fear they would not be able to meet the competition. At the level of media, and even at the political level, these arguments are more in the realm of opinions and estimation, and not based on any hard analytical evidence. Firstly, the FDI retail shops would be set up in only 35 towns in the country, thus leaving most of the smaller retail shops untouched. Further, even in the larger urban centres, the requirement of real estate for these large stores is likely to be such that only a small number would be set up in each town. The advent of mod ern malls and composite shopping centres has not, in the last decade, disturbed local shopping habits or shopping centres. Rather, it has catered to a different class of young, urban consumers who are looking for products that are usually not available at traditional retail stores. It is also difficult to argue that retailing in India does not need to modernise, along with the economy, and that modern warehousing, inventory management and efficient logistics will not be of advantage to the consumer. Finally, it is also curious that there is little objection to multi-brand retail if it is owned by Indian retailers; the objection is only to FDI in retail. Perhaps this is because local large retailers do not want to face international brand competition. It is also 5 curious that there is little objection to FDI in single-brand goods. The fear of mom and pop stores being displaced and branded retail taking over the entire retail segment is perhaps overstated. It is of course possible that the arguments are entirely in the realm of politics. No doubt the strong lobbies of the existing small retailers as well as the established Indian multi-brand retailers are adding to the fervour of the arguments, but the epicentre of the issue appears to be the political scene. Currently, the UPA has lost a major ally in the Lok Sabha, key lower house of national Parliament, and depends on the support of Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party, two opposing parties in Uttar Pradesh (against both of whom the Congress fought in the recent state elections). In the upper house, the Rajya Sabha, the Government does not have the numbers for the vote. The ruling alliance, as already mentioned, has been weakened in 2012 by complaints of non-performance and a number of allegations of corruption: it is perhaps natural for the opposition parties to press home their advantage when the UPA is weak. There is little to be achieved as the FDI decision is an executive decision, unlikely to bring down the Government. So, this political tussle would only reveal the combination of political forces and allies in a kind of muscle-flexing for the next General elections, now slated for in 2014 in the normal course. The downside would be that international confidence in governance in India would be further weakened, and in fact, may lead to reluctance to invest in India. It is therefore vital that the Government should sail through these discussions and win a decisive vote in Parliament. . . FDI in Retail sector in India: How does this affect you? Health & Lifestyle by Editor Retailing defines the direct interface between the manufacturers and the end users who are basically individual consumers. The retail business owners stock up all goods after purchasing it directly from the manufacturers and then sell it to individual customers keeping a profit margin for themselves. Of late the retailing industry in India has bloomed with much coveted success causing positive impact on the national economy. As per the recent revelations by the popular International Management Consultancy AT Kearney, India has been considered the second most lucrative destinations of the world for retail business. Read what is FDI and buzz around it In India, retailing industry is segregated into two classes- organized retailing and unorganized retailing. Organized retailing entails trading conducted by licensed retailers and unorganized retailing includes all types of low cost trading like local shops, small roadside stores and temporary shops or door to door selling of various goods.Until now, according to the Indian retailing laws, Foreign Direct Investment in multi-brand retail market was prohibited. But government is thinking to open the FDI in retail in India which implies that foreign investment in retailing is possible up to 51%. Now the announcement of retail FDI in India has triggered a series of debates on both positive and negative notes and become political issue. So let’s discuss these things, what all this means to you through advantages and disadvantages: Advantages of FDI in retail sector in India: †¢ Growth in economy: Due to coming of foreign companies’ new infrastructure will be build, thus real estate sector will grow consequently banking sector, as money need to be required to build infrastructure would be provided by banks. †¢ Job opportunities: Estimates shows that this will create about 80Lakh jobs. These career opportunities will be created mostly in retail, real estate. But it will create positive impact on others sectors as well. Read about career options in Retail sector†¦.. †¢ Benefits to farmers: In most cases, in the retailing business, the intermediaries have dominated the interface between the manufacturers or producers and the consumers. Hence the farmers and manufacturers lose their actual share of profit margin as the lion’s share is eaten up by the middle men. This issue can be resolved by FDI, as farmers might get contract farming where they will supply to a retailer based upon demand and will get good cash for that, they need not to search for buyers. †¢ Benefits to consumers: Consumer will get variety of products at low prices compared to market rates, and will have more choice to get international brands at one place. †¢ Lack of infrastructure in the retailing chain has been one of the common issues in India for years which has led the process to an incompetent market mechanism. For example, in spite of India being one of the largest producers of vegetables and fruits, lack of proper count of cold storages has significantly affected the selling of these perishable items. FDI might help India overcome such issues by channelizing the resources in the right manner. †¢ In the last years, the Public distribution system is proved to be significantly ineffective. In spite of the fact that the government arranged for subsidies, the food inflation has caused its negative impact continuously and it can be handled by FDI. Disadvantages of FDI in retail sector in India: †¢ According to the non-government cult, FDI will drain out the country’s share of revenue to foreign countries which may cause negative impact on India’s overall economy. †¢ The domestic organized retail sector might not be competitive enough to tackle international players and might loose its market share. †¢ Many of the small business owners and workers from other functional areas may lose theirjobs, as lot of people are into unorganized retail business such as small shops. However the government is quite stringent on this issue and determined to allow FDI in India. The actual impacts would be observed over time and till then the laymen have nothing but to hope for the best! Walmart Lobbying and Political Corruption in Retail FDI: Recent reports presented by Walmart to US Govt. revealed that it spend Rs. 125 cr in lobbying Indian lawmakers to get access to Indian market. These facts are serious, if Govt. is doing all this in favour of bribery and money then results might not be good as it is projected. Since Walmart will continue to mould things in their favour by lobbying and bribery as political corruption is well known in Indian politics. They can be purchased easily. Showing Results For â€Å"disadvantages of fdi in retail† DIPP circulates Cabinet note on relaxing FDI norms for housing sector 16 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The Commerce and Industry Ministry has circulated a draft Cabinet note on relaxing FDI norms for the housing sector, which proposed easing the three-year lock-in period among other things. DDIP, Cabinet note, FDI norms, housing sector, FDI guidelines, RBI notifies definition of ‘control’ in context of FDI 14 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: The Reserve Bank notified the definition of term ‘control’ in relation to foreign direct investment and revised the list of states where FDI is permitted in multi-brand retail. RBI, FDI, RBI notification, RBI policy, Reserve Bank, multi-brand retail , Government notifies changes in FDI policy, paves way for larger overseas investments 12 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The government has notified changes in the FDI policy, paving the way for larger overseas investments in sectors such as multi-brand retail and telecom. FDI policy, FDI notification, India FDI policy, overseas investments, Foreign investment, FEMA regulations, Malls to contribute 35 percent of modern retail sales by 2016, says report 11 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: With popularity of mall culture on the rise, these swanky shopping centres are expected to contribute to more than a third (35 per cent) of the modern retail sales in the next three years, says a report. malls, shopping, retail, sales, india, No case for India’s rating downgrade by global agencies: Rangarajan 13 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Government has already taken a host of reform measures and there is no case for any downgrade of India’s sovereign rating by global agencies, Prime Minister’s key economic advisor C Rangarajan said. C Rangarajan, India rating downgrade, India growth projection, Prime Minister’s key economic advisor, Indian economy, FDI , Walmart India plans possibly at final stage, says government official 31 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Global retail giant Walmart is expected to soon firm up its plan to foray into India’s multi-brand sector, a top government official on Friday said. Walmart, FDI, Foreign Direct Investment, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotions, Walmart Asia Chief Scot, multi brand retail, Formation of Civil Aviation Authority crucial for development: Survey 09 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Liberalized FDI norms have the potential to put the aviation sector on the growth track but taxation issues are major impediments for the industry, a survey has found. Civil Aviation Authority, FDI, Indian civil aviation sector, relaxation in FDI, Aviation sector, taxation, India Inc hails relaxation in multi-brand retail norms 02 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Hailing government’s announcement to relax investment norms in multi-brand retail and raising FDI caps in several sectors, India Inc said that the reforms were â€Å"much-needed† and will boost the confidence of foreign investors which will help in reviving the economy. FDI in retail, FDI in India, Changes in FDI norms, FDI inflow in India, FDI caps, Government to further liberalize FDI policy, says Chidambaram 31 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Faced with sliding rupee, Finance Minister P Chidambaram on Wednesday said government will further liberalize the FDI policy and encourage public sector undertakings to raise funds from overseas markets. P Chidambaram, FDI, FDI in India, FDI policy in India, FDI in retail , Government eases FDI norms in multi-brand retail, allows 100 percent investment in telecom 02 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] †¢ Norms for Multi-brand Retail Trading (MBRT) relaxed †¢ Eased mandatory 30 pc local sourcing norms for MBRT players †¢ Local sourcing norm to apply only in first engagement †¢ FDI cap in telecom raised to 100 pc from 74 pc; up to 49 pc through automatic route and beyond that via FIPB FDI in India, FDI inflow in India, FDI in multi-brand retail, FDI in telecom, FDI cap in India, FDI cap in telecom sector, – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail#sthash.iXvt8E8g.dpuf RBI allows non-resident investors to buy shares under FDI scheme 07 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: The Reserve Bank today allowed non-resident investors, including NRIs, to buy shares of Indian entities listed on recognised stock exchanges under FDI scheme, but subject to certain conditions. non-resident investors, NRI investors, FDI scheme, FDI investment, FEMA regulations , Government clears 17 FDI proposals worth Rs 993 crore 04 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The government has approved 17 foreign direct investment (FDI) proposals totalling Rs 992.61 crore, while recommending the Rs 2,058 crore Jet-Etihad deal for final clearance to the Cabinet. Foreign direct investment, FDI in India, FDI proposals, Pending FDI proposals, Jet-Etihad deal, Union Cabinet, FDI proposals approved , Traders will protest if government raises FDI cap in retail: CAIT 16 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Opposing any hike in FDI cap in multi-brand retail, apex traders’ body CAIT Tuesday said such a move will not only affect interest of small traders but would also have a negative impact on the economy. FDI, hike in FDI, FDI in multi brand retail, CAIT, Manmohan Singh, Rajnath slams FDI in multi-retail, says it would increase unemployment 25 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Washington: Describing Bharatiya Janata Party as pro-reforms, BJP president Rajnath Singh has defended its decision to oppose Foreign Direct Investment in multi-brand retail arguing that such a move would aggravate the unemployment problem in India. Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajnath Singh, Foreign Direct Investment, FDI in multi brand retail, Indian economy, Government eased norms for FDI in multi-retail under pressure from global retailers: Meenakshi Lekhi 03 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spokesperson Meenakshi Lekhi has alleged that easing norms for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail had come after specific lobbying by global retailers like Walmart and Tesco. BJP spokesperson Meenakshi Lekhi, global retailers, FDI in multi-brand retail, lobbying by global retailers, UPA government, Disadvantages of open-plan offices revealed 09 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] There are advantages and disadvantages to an open-plan office – a single giant room where there is not much to separate you from a co-worker seated next to you. Open-plan office, single giant room, distraction, distracted environment, Gensler, Karnataka agrees to implement FDI in multi-brand retail 27 Jun 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Karnataka has joined 11 other states and union territories that have agreed to allow foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Karnataka government, FDI in multi-brand retail, FDI in Karnataka , FDI in retail, Government may tweak retail FDI norms to ease entry of global chains 03 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The government is considering tweaking the FDI policy in retail sector so as to allow global chains like Walmart, Carrefour and Tesco to open multi-brand stores in non-hilly cities with a population of less than one million. FDI in retail, FDI policy in retail sector, FDI norms in retail sector, FDI cap in retail sector, FDI in multi-brand retail in non-hilly cities , Industry gives thumbs-up to government’s FDI decisions 18 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Government’s decisions to relax limits for FDI in a dozen sectors are ‘most timely’ and will boost investor sentiments, India Inc said. FDI decisions, India Inc, CII, Assocham, FICCI, FDI in retail, FDI in telecom, E-commerce firm Snapdeal.com ties-up with Hypercity Retail 29 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: E-commerce firm Snapdeal.com on Thursday entered into a strategic partnership with Hypercity Retail, a part of the K Raheja Group, to sell Hypercity’s products on its portal. Snapdeal.com, Hypercity Retail, E-commerce, Snapdeal.com-Hypercity tie-up, Hypercity merchandise, – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/2#sthash.BRqA4Hrr.dpuf Showing Results For â€Å"disadvantages of fdi in retail† Walmart expresses inability on meeting sourcing norms in the multi-brand segment 23 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The world’s largest retailer Walmart has expressed its inability to the government on meeting the sourcing norm in the multi-brand segment that requires 30 percent procurement from small industries, stating it can procure only about 20 percent. Walmart, Walmart in India, FDI in retail, FDI policy, Procurement from small industries, Commerce and Industry Minister, Anand Sharma, Government to introduce Insurance Bill in Winter Session of Parliament 05 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Finance Minister P Chidambaram said that the Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, which seeks to raise the foreign equity cap in the sector to 49 percent, will be taken up in the Winter Session of Parliament. Insurance Bill, Insurance Bill India, Insurance Bill 2013, FDI in Insurance, Winter Session, Finance Minister, P Chidambaram, Centre and states should be cautious in implementation of FDI 29 Jun 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] What is this FDI, which can bring the Parliament of India to a grinding halt, why it has become a political debate that a coalition partner had to withdraw its support from the government at the outset of this issue and the opposition took it to the streets to oppose with tooth and nail. Why would a country seek FDI, an acronym for Foreign Direct Investment, if it had actually managed without it till the conception and relevance of FDI in India ? FDI, FDI in India, FDI inlfow in India, FDI cap in India, FDI in retail issue, Retail inflation for farm and rural workers eases marginally 21 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Retail inflation for farm and rural workers has come down marginally to 12.80 percent and 12.61 percent respectively in July, even as prices of food items and cloth remained high. Retail inflation, Farm workers, rural workers, inflation in July, Agriculture Labour, Consumer Price Index, Latest news, No proposal to hike FDI cap in banking sector: Government 24 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: There is no proposal to hike foreign investment ceiling in the banking sector, the government said. FDI, Banking sector, FDI in banking, Indian banks, FDI proposals, Latest news, Sensex slumps in morning trade following profit-booking by retail investors 23 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: The BSE benchmark Sensex on Friday fell by 61 points in morning trade as funds and retail investors booked profits after previous session’s gains. The 30-share barometer declined by 61.96 points, or 0.34 per cent, to 18,250.98 with healthcare, FMCG, PSUs and power stocks succumbing to profit-booking. The index had surged by 407.03 points on Thursday after four sessions of losses. Sensex, BSE, NSE, Sensex slumps, Sensex slumps in morning trade, latest news, Mayawati slams government move to open retail sector to FDI 26 Nov 2011 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Slamming the Centre’s decision to allow FDI in retail, UP Chief Minister Mayawati on Saturday alleged that it was taken to benefit companies of foreign friends of Rahul Gandhi and said that her government would not allow it in the state. FDI in retail, UP Chief Minister Mayawati on FDI, opposition oppose FDI in retail, advantages of FDI in retail, disadvantages of FDI in retail, government on FDI in retail, Centre on FDI in retail , New FDI rules, a setback for foreign and local retailers 08 Jun 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New rules requiring foreign supermarkets to set up their own warehouses and stores in India are likely to further delay the entry of companies like Wal-Mart Stores Inc, increase costs and hurt cash-strapped local retailers eager to partner with foreign companies. FDI, FDI rules, new FDI policy, Wal-Mart, FDI in India, FDI in retail sector , RBI hikes FDI cap in Asset Reconstruction Companies to 74 percent 20 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The Reserve Bank hiked the limit for foreign investment in Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) to 74 percent from the earlier cap of 49 percent. Reserve Bank, FDI, Asset Reconstruction Companies, FDI in ARCs, FDI proposals, Latest news, FDI in hospitality sector increases to USD 2.23 billion in April 11 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Reflecting increased interest of foreign players in the country’s hospitality industry, the hotel and tourism sector witnessed a sudden spurt in FDI in April, attracting USD 2.32 billion. FDI in hospitality, FDI, hospitality industry, fdi inflow in india , – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/3#sthash.rPoIwVLG.dpuf Government cornered, Pranab briefs Cong MPs on FDI, inflation 30 Nov 2011 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] With Government being cornered over various issues, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Wednesday briefed party MPs about the rationale behind allowing FDI in retail as also steps being taken to address inflation and blackmoney so that they could counter to opposition attack. government on FDI, Latest on Indian Economy, Latest on FDI reforms, FDI in retail scares Indian bulk market, FDI in India, FDI in retail, advantages of FDI in retail, disadvantages of FDI in retail, Congress’ Kerala on FDI, Congress in inflation , 65 percent more traffic on online retail sites: Assocham 16 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: With the festive season round the corner, there is a 65 percent increase in online shopping from last year, according to industry body Assocham. Assocham, retail portals, online retail websites, online shopping, shopping portals, latest news , Telecom sector received Rs 58,782 crore FDI in last 13 years 19 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The country’s telecom sector has received a cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) of USD 12,865 million (Rs 58,782 crore) in the last 13 years, which comprises 7 percent of the total FDI inflows. Telecom sector, FDI in Telecom, foreign direct investment, FDI inflows, Milind Deora, Latest news, Onion prices soar to Rs 60 per kg in Delhi’s retail market 12 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Onion prices have soared to Rs 60 per kg in the retail market of the national capital due to lower supply from producing regions. Onion prices, Onion prices in Delhi, Onion retail price, Safal stores in Delhi, Onion price hike, Government not considering ban on onion exports despite high prices 24 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Government is not considering any proposal to ban onion exports as the hike in price of the commodity is not because of outward shipments, Food Minister K V Thomas said. onion exports, onion prices, onion price hike, onion retail price, India onion exports, latest news, SC dismisses petition challenging FDI in multi-brand retail 01 May 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The Supreme Court on Wednesday upheld the government policy of allowing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Supreme Court, FDI in multi-brand retail, FDI in retail, Foreign Direct Investment, Incense sticks may affect your health: Study 06 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Los Angeles: Incense sticks could come with a health risk, a new research has shown that burning these generate indoor air pollutants, which may lead to inflammation in human lung cells. Incense sticks, Incense sticks health risks, Incense sticks health woes, health hazards of Incense sticks, disadvantages of incense sticks, Put blanket ban on FDI in brownfield pharma: Parliamentary panel 14 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: A Parliamentary panel has recommended a â€Å"blanket ban† on any FDI in brownfield pharma projects, or ones in which stake is acquired in an existing company, while investment of more than 49 percent would go to the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). FDI in brownfield pharma, brownfield pharma, FDI, Foreign Investment Promotion Board, Reserve Bank of India, latest news, CPI shares dais with BJP over FDI in retail 08 Mar 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Leaders of BJP and Left Front shard the dais in Ram Lila Ground to oppose the Central Government’s decision allowing Foreign Direct Investment in retail sector. FDI in retail, Retail FDI, BJP, CPI, Rajnath Singh , Stilettos: High on fashion, low on health 26 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The tick-tack of high heels usually spells high-end fashion! But do you know that wearing stilettos on a regular basis entails health hazards? Experts say slipped disc, knee arthritis and plantar fasciitis (a painful inflammation on the sole of the foot) are common problems faced by women who wear them on regular basis. Stilettos, side effects of Stilettos, Stilettos health hazard, disadvantages of Stilettos, health woes of Stilettos, – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/4#sthash.o6mEEjXv.dpuf Showing Results For â€Å"disadvantages of fdi in retail† NDA will roll back FDI in retail if voted to power: Rajnath 13 Mar 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Rollback of FDI in multi-brand retail will be the top priority of NDA coalition if it is voted to power in the next general elections, BJP chief Rajnath Singh said on Wednesday. Rajnath Singh, FDI in retail, NDA, FDI in multi-brand retail, protest against FDI in retail, FDI rises 25 percent to six-month high of USD 2.32 billion in April 15 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Foreign direct investment (FDI) into India increased 25 percent year-on-year to USD 2.32 billion in April, the highest level in the past six months. In April 2012, the country had received FDI worth USD 1.85 billion, according to data from the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). Fdi, fdi increases by 25pc, foreign inflows, fdi in India, liberalizing fdi, Walmart continues US lobbying on ‘FDI in India’ 23 Apr 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Walmart continued to lobby with the American lawmakers over Indian retail FDI rules during the first quarter of 2013, even as a probe is underway into the global retail giant’s US lobbying activities for facilitating its India entry. Walmart lobbying in US, FDI in India, Indian retail FDI rules, Foreign Direct Investment, Government clears IKEA’s Rs 10,500 crore FDI proposal 03 May 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The government on Thursday allowed Swedish furniture major IKEA to invest Rs 10,500 crore—the biggest ever FDI proposal in single brand retail– for setting up home furnishing stores in the country. FDI proposal, IKEA, Swedish furniture major, Single brand retail, Manmohan Singh, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affair , Karbonn A29 available on e-retail sites 23 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Karbonn has rolled out its new Karbonn A29 for sale on online retail stores for a price of Rs 8990. However, the device has not been officially launched. Karbonn A29, Android 4.1, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, Karbonn, FDI in retail 06 Oct 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] FDI in retail is being projected as a panacea for all the ills plaguing agriculture. It is expected to raise farmers income, remove middlemen, help consumers get a low price, and of course remove the massive wastage that we see in the farm supply chain. FDI, FDI in retail, economic reforms, UPA, Devinder Sharma blogs, Jagran blogs, Govt raises FDI limits in 12 sectors, clears 100 pc foreign investment in telecom 17 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The Central Government has liberalized the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limits in several sectors on Monday, opening the doors for foreign investments. It has approved 100 percent raise in the telecom sector and also increased the limits in other sectors, mainly to boost up the national economy. Foreign direct investment, FDI, 100 percent FDI in telecom, FDI limit in 12 sectors, FDI in Telecom, Telecom FDI, India reforms, FDI liberalization, US welcomes India’s FDI decisions 20 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Washington: Ahead of Vice President Joe Biden’s visit, the US has welcomed India’s decision to increase foreign direct investment in key sectors like defence, telecom and insurance. FDI in India, FDI reforms in India, FDI cap in India, Indian economy, Walmart , NCP not to allow FDI in retail in Maharashtra 05 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Even as it voted in favour of FDI in retail, UPA’s key constituent NCP on Wednesday struck a discordant note by saying that it did not support implementation of the decision in Maharashtra. Praful Patel, FDI in Maharashtra, FDI vote, FDI debate, FDI in Maharashtra, BJP vows to oppose FDI in retail till its last breath 07 Mar 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Assuring support to the traders opposing the Congress-led government’s decision to allow FDI in retail, BJP leader Arun Jaitley said on Thursday that his party would oppose the move till its â€Å"last breath†. – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/5#sthash.9m02kf4N.dpuf Raising FDI caps to boost Indian economy 17 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The series of foreign direct investment proposal approved by the Union Cabinet in key areas of defence, insurance and telecom along with others would provide the much needed boost to the Indian economy, a top Indian industry leader has said. Fdi, Cii, fdi approved by union cabinet, indian economy, fdi in defence, fdi in telecom, Arvind Kejriwal seeks referendum on FDI in retail 08 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Social activist Arvind Kejriwal who recently launched the Aam Aadmi party on Saturday demanded a referendum on FDI in retail. Arvind Kejriwal, referendum on FDI, FDI in retail, FDI vote, FDI debate , FDI in retail will be good if it benefits farmers:Kalam 15 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Former President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam on Friday said FDI in retail would be good if it benefits lakhs of farmers in the country. APJ Abdul Kalam, FDI in Retail, Indian Farmers, RLD speaks in favour of FDI in retail 05 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Lending support to foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail, the Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD) on Wednesday said the move will not destroy small manufacturers and farmers. Jayant Chaudhury, RLD, FDI in retail, FDI debate, FDI vote, SC expresses concern over FDI policy, seeks government’s response 22 Jan 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Expressing its concern over the Parliament’s nod to the Foreign Direct Investment in multi-bran retails, the Supreme Court on Tuesday asked the Centre to file its response within five weeks on how it intends to safeguard interests of small traders after FDI is allowed in retail sector. Supreme Court, FDI in retail, FDI policy, PM to discuss FDI related issues with Cabinet members today 16 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will on Tuesday evening discuss the proposal to hike foreign investment caps in sectors like telecom, retail and defence with his senior Cabinet colleagues. Manmohan Singj, FDI cap in India, Hike in FDI cap, FDI in India, FDI in different sectors in India , Government open to debate on FDI in retail: Kamal Nath 26 Nov 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The government was open to discussions on foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail, Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kamal Nath said on Monday ahead of an all-party meeting on the ongoing logjam in the Parliament. Kamal Nath, FDI, FDI in retail, FDI in Parliament, Parliamentary panel suggests revival of pharmaceutical PSUs 16 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: A Parliamentary Committee has suggested revival of pharmaceutical public sector undertakings like HAL and IDPL for large scale production of affordable generic medicines to be provided to common man. Pharmaceutical public sector undertakings, Pharmaceutical companies, FDI in Pharmaceutical Sector, generic medicines, generic medicines supply, Latest news, FDI in retail: Small shops giving competition to big retailers 27 Feb 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Traditional retailers are giving a strong competition to organised retailers and the decision to permit foreign retailers to open stores in the country will not affect small players in India, the government said on Wednesday. FDI in retail, Economic survey 2012-13, Unorganised retail sector, Kirana stores , Last word on FDI in retail has not been said: BJP 12 Jan 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] BJP on Friday said the last word has not yet been said on the FDI in multi-brand retail issue and the party would revisit the decision of the UPA government if it comes to pow – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/6#sthash.AYmUF1Bg.dpuf

2101W Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

2101W Assignment 2 - Essay Example The medieval age of the Germany was significantly influenced by two different principles, individualism and universalism (Leyser 30-256). The then economic reforms and political regimes had also played vital roles in the development of the modern German society. Notably, it was during the years 1046 to 1057 that Germany witnessed the rise of one after another revolutionary popes including Pope Clement II, Pope Dumasus II, Pope Leo IX, Pope Victor II and Pope Stephen IX (Jeep 500). During the medieval age of Germany, struggles became apparently identifiable between the then established German Empire and the reforming Catholic Churches who wished to strengthen their control on the political and economic structures of the nation. It was during in 1024 that Duke Conrad II, the first of the Salian dynasty was crowned as the king of the Germans. Historical testaments affirm that during the sovereignty of Conrad II’s son Henry III (1039 to 1056), the empire fully supported the Cluniac reforms, which continued from 910. Another vital change was observed in the political structure of Germany during this period, which had drastic effects on the economic growth of the nation in the later period of the 14th and the 15th centuries. Before 1056, i.e. before the reign of Henry IV, German churches, representing the papal authority was dominated by the emperors in the nation. However, with the advent of Cluniac reforms, monasteries were being reformed, where monastic h ouses were being transferred under the direct leadership of papacy from being placed under the feudal control. The conflict taking place between the Popes and German states further gave rise to the Investiture Controversy which lasted till 1122. This ultimately increased the complexities in the legal environment of Germany, which further augmented the discrepancies within trade relations of German empires and also with international market, as traders now had

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Assignment - Essay Example Where is it at this time? Plan: Remember that gravity is acting against the ball, so the acceleration a = -g = - (constant of gravity near Earth’s surface) = - 9.8 m/s2. Due to gravity, at some point the ball is going to stop (v=0 at the maximum height that the ball reaches) and start to fall back down. We will use +y direction as the up direction. 2b.Next, from the same position, you throw an identical ball (Ball 2) straight down with the same launch speed as in the previous question. How fast will the ball be traveling 2 seconds later and where is it at this time?   The reason for this is that ball 1 reaches its maximum height, then falls back down. When it crosses the point where the platform is, it has the same speed it initially had when thrown up, only now it is going downwards with the same speed. Proof of this: Take ball 1, and find the final speed it would have if the final y value is the same as the initial y value (so that the ball is released from the platform, goes up, and comes right back to the platform). Use the equation vf2 = v02 -2g(yf-y0); the initial and final y values are the same, so their difference is 0 and we have vf2 = v02 -2g(0)= v02 ïÆ' ¨ in other words, vf and v0 have the same magnitudes, but different directions: vf = -v0 3.The ceiling of a classroom is 3.75 m above the floor. A student tosses an apple vertically upward, releasing it 0.5 m above the floor. What is the maximum initial speed that can be given to the apple if it is not to touch the

One full page response paper for each article__total up to 11 articles Assignment

One full page response paper for each article__total up to 11 articles - Assignment Example This speech is interesting an uplifting. There is, of course, a beautiful literary discussion occurring but, also, the interpretation that he may be instilling in others in formidable. Today we live in a world where reality television and the cyber lives we lead on social media are making us more critical of others, not more empathetic. We need to continue to feel for others and educate ourselves so that we can contribute to positive endeavors and productive changes when needed. The only way we can achieve that is to not allow ourselves to become deluded that we are the centers of our own little universe (Wallace 1-2). This is speech is well-written and conveys its messages beautifully. It was a pleasure to read. The American English language is an incredibly difficult language to learn especially if you are from somewhere far away and the land and its language are completely foreign to you. We hear people with accents or broken English everyday who sometimes mispronounce the words or convey the verbiage poorly. Some people would criticize their lack of skill and fluency, while others might give them credit for making the effort. Amy Tan’s article, â€Å"MotherTongue,† is a fascinating look from the perspective of a child raised by someone who speaks broken English with thick Asian overtones. She explains that while most people would find her mother’s use of the English language clumsy and simplistic, to her daughter it was perfectly beautiful and made perfect sense, because that is her mother and she understands her just fine (Tan76-80). There is also a wonderful and empowering aspect to this article. It is when she discusses throughout the world how Asians are pressured and stereotyped into doing mathematics and accounting, seldom the humanities, and never English studies However, she defied the stereotypes around her

Failure of Financial Regulation in the UK Essay

Failure of Financial Regulation in the UK - Essay Example This essay evaluates the failures of financial policies in United Kingdom and the move made by policy makers to cushion the country from falling into financial crisis. Financial crisis witnessed towards end of this decade had similar effects to crisis witnessed in 1970s. Many people grappled in unemployment, devaluation of wealth and other related issues that come when economic depression occurs1. G 20 meeting realized that policy tools made to cushion the world from economic slump had failed to discharge their role. It was also apparent from that meeting that the banking policies of United Kingdom and related market players had stains to the crisis. Growth in a country or in the world depends on sound policies, which balances the financial market and enhances economic stability. Economists and analysts in the economic sector believe that fiscal tools, which guide the economic growth of the country, must meet a certain threshold if the country is to remain stable. Deliberation of the meeting indicated that credit securitization is a factor that policy makers in the financial sector ignored2. Many banks offered credit loans to investors without collaterals that could support financial stability. The banks could not raise the minimum threshold required to make them remain in businesses after the investors had defaulted. The result was as worst as the financial depression of 1970s. Critics have contributed to this situation by making different argument about the country should do to avoid similar misfortune. The argument has rested on the effects of policy, which influence banking system. Some critics noted that policies instituted to correct the dangers of economic depression failed because of poor implementation strategy, which aimed at making the country more economically sound. Many economists believe that policy tools adopted in the banking sector created a window, which led to the economic meltdown. Evidently, a weakness of a policy can create instability as observed during the financial crisis. The major question that the society is trying to answer is not what caused the depression but how it can avoid the depression in future. Analysts have settled on the fact that failure of UK financial system is the contributor of the economic crisis. Economists have stated three reasons, which support the argument that policy failure led to financial meltdown. First, the role of financial market is to regulate market economy3. This regulation occurs through relationship that exists between the financial system and the market players. Economists believe that financial relationships influence market structures by creating stability and instability in the market. This means that financial system is the key driver to propel market structures towards making balance payment in the market. A failure of the system spells doom to the society since it creates imperfect operation in the market. Evidently, a slight mess bin the market would contribute to a collapse of other systems in the financial sector. Financial analysts have sited burst and boom factors as factors that directly influence market stability. Financial system usually look at credit supply and credit pricing as factors that control speculation in the burst and boom factors. Studies indicate that internet burst and boom witnessed in 1998-2001 increased the liquidity index in the country4.

How do cartoons or similar visual graphics offer discussions of cities Essay

How do cartoons or similar visual graphics offer discussions of cities and global worlds - Essay Example No matter how fantastical cartoons are, they always represent some version/representation of reality. Towns and cities are the perfect subjects for art fantasy. Diverse characters actions and situations come together so that they can be given expressions to portray creators’ ideas. Modern technology (computer graphics) contribute to this niche immensely. Distorting reality can be comprehensively achieved through graphics. Printing a cartoon strip, animated cartoons in movies and video games, all serve this purpose. Frank Millers cartoon such as Sin City portrays several terrains of the ‘city’; Projects, The Old Town and the Docks (Solesbury 94). The videogame Grand Theft Auto gives the players a chance to be criminal in ‘cities’ like New York, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Los Angeles and Miami (Solesbury 94). They are not exact copies of real cities but similarities are sufficient. Cartoons are usually created for humoristic purposes. They are specifically popular among children but they are equally popular among adults when they portray a distortion of reality like the ones in newspapers. Such cartoons deliver sarcasm poke fun at society. Comic strips in newspapers lighten up the mood. All humor, pranks and comic strips are eventually satire on common sense hierarchies of meanings (Oncu 98). Cartoon humor usually begins by considering the norms that feed the reality. They understand what is order and predictable. By juxtaposing the frames of references the humorist exposes the impurity. It gives the artist the leverage to blur the hierarchical impositions of order so laughter can ensue (Oncu 98). This is not specific to a specific city. From an anthropological perspective the study of cartoons as depicting social dynamics in a particular region is of high importance. For instance in Turkey the urbanization gives the cartoonists the leverage to poke fun at the situation when people start

Unit 3 DB Acct310 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 3 DB Acct310 - Essay Example rder costing system is mainly used in service industries including hospitals, movie studios, law firms and even repair shops as well as in cases where individual non-homogeneous goods are produced by an organization. When it comes to this type of system, record keeping and cost problems can be very complex to handle especially where different products and services are available, compared to when dealing with single products and services. Since the products available are different, the cost will relatively be different hence a cost record for each product. Therefore, job order costing needs a lot of effort and concentration as compared to process costing system. Process costing involves tracing and accumulation of direct costs, and the allocation of indirect costs of manufacturing processes (Hansen & Mowen, 2006). Process costing is much applicable when the products in question are naturally homogeneous. Costs are in this case assigned to products which are produced en mass as noted by Hansen and Mowen (2006). This method is mostly suitable for industries such as chemical manufacturing companies since the process flow is continuous. In this system a production report is prepared to summarize the totals and cost of units. In the case of a company that deals with chemicals, cement, electrical parts, textiles and pharmaceuticals products, process costing method is advisable. This is because their production process is continuous and order costing method may not be appropriate for this kind of companies. Job order costing is applicable in companies that manufacture many different products for example clothing factory and service industries (Hansen & Mowen, 2006). Each product has its own price hence this system is appropriate to use and follow. Records of each and every order and its cost are stored separately for easy understanding and follow up. Records in a process order costing system are much easier to follow and less complicated as compared to job order

Austrian School Cost Essay Example for Free

Austrian School Cost Essay Our behaviors and decisions in our daily lives are affected by economics. When making decisions, we will use economic theories either consciously or subconscious to decide if we will make or reject that decision. The same can also be used to explain our actions and behaviors when making an economic decision to purchase a house. This paper will evaluate how economics affect one’s decision to purchase a new house. First, the decision to purchase a new house is considered a large and important decision by many. This is because the prices of houses are usually very high, and thus purchasing a new house will greatly deplete the savings of an individual. The demand of houses is highly price elastic. Economic theories state that the larger the proportion of income a certain purchase requires, the more price elastic the demand will be. In the case of the purchase of a new house, it will require the spending of a large proportion of an average person’s income, hence this will greatly lower the purchasing power of the individual when the decision is made to purchase the house. Furthermore, buying a new house will require people to shift from a familiar environment to a less familiar environment and this can be a life-changing experience which may be scary to some. Hence, these are all factors which make the purchase of a new house a very difficult decision to make. There are various principles of economics that can be applied to a decision to purchase a new house. First, one of the principles will be that of trade-offs which people have to face. Every decision comes at a cost. In this case, the decision to purchase a new house will deplete people of a large proportion of their savings. The tradeoffs which they face will be alternatives which they get to enjoy with the same amount of money. For example, the same amount of money spent on a new house can be used on sending a child to university, going on a long holiday or purchasing a new vehicle. I have to remember even though the APR’s may be low and I have my down payment or even if I am using HUD as a first time buyer to eliminate closing cost or no fees at all there may still be one depending on my situation. Purchasing a new home is a big step not only the financial part of if but also the area I chose and the economy at this point and time. I must think ahead to how the economy will be now and later, as well as the housing area I chose. Will the neighborhood be a good choice for my kids, and will my house be a smart investment in terms of efficiency and equity? I need to determine if a recession will place my decision in purchasing a home the wrong time to buy. A recession could cause job lose and no income to pay my mortgage or even placing me in default to take out a loan on my home. Taking a loan on my home to make ends meet would cause me to pay double for my home and never actually own it. Tradeoffs are important when purchasing a new home because you have to be willing to give up miscellaneous items to get where u want to be, extra expenses are not a good idea when purchasing a new home.

International human resources Essay Example for Free

International human resources Essay It is the biggest challenge of companies today to maintain and attract best employees thus the realization in holding trainings and conferences for top executives to level officers is exceedingly in demand. Initiating strategies and solutions regarding employee retention and human resource management keep on going to minimize costs and money. There are many promising solutions in going through a lot of obstacles in human resource recruitment. We may start on some questions that would spark a new beginning: are the employees are given the chance to speak? Are new ideas accepted? Are benefits really beneficial to employees? Does the employees’ opinion count? Are works valued, evaluated and rewarded on their performance? This are simple questions that has an impact to the existing problems in many companies, regardless of size, incorporating other issues like repatriation, better opportunities, poor treatment, differences in culture and disagreement on the direction of the company, lack of recognition, indefinite growth prospects and poor relationship among co-workers. Keeping people and maintaining them for a longer period of time is the most difficult and challenging tasks for all human resources managers nowadays, hopefully, we will answer possible keys and solutions to these burning questions throughout the discussion. Why are people leaving from one company to another? A wide variety of reasons why are people leaving their jobs to find new companies includes: expectations were not satisfactorily fulfilled, unsuitable for the role, do not fit with the company’s culture, insufficient opportunities for growth and development, inadequate acknowledgment and admiration, problems with a manager or supervisor, not satisfied with the compensation, stress, lack of work and life balance, and lack of confidence in the company and leadership (Meyers). According to Susan Heathfield (Heathfield, 2007), most employees are leaving their work for reasons of searching new opportunities with other companies. Three top reasons were identified by Heathfield: fifty three percent of employees look for better rewards and benefits, thirty five percent were discontented with prospects of career growth and development, and thirty two percent were ready for a new experience and new environment. The motivating factors that can enhance the continuous stay of employees were examined by Bob Losyk on his article, here are the different factors that he stated: dignity and respect, involvement and participation, pay above the industry average, showcase superior workers, and by showing support to employees (Losyk). Giving dignity and respect is one of the most important key elements in satisfying the employees, harsh words, shouting, insults, and abuse of power will only result to demoralization, low morale, increase possibilities of absenteeism, and in turn resignation. Losyk added that employers should be treated with high respect, worth and goodness, let them relax, be independent and empowered. Do not crash on people who make mistakes instead make it more constructive and let them learn from it. Involvement and participation is also a significant factor in dealing with employees’ motivation to stay in the company, by listening to their suggestions, aspirations, and ideas can make them more involved and active much as with belongingness and partnership. Paying above the industry average will surely and literally compensate the best employee thus giving and making more money for you. Great employees should be compensated for what they gave back to the company and it should not be as simple as paying back but to reward and constantly recognize their efforts. For sure, companies who have the best employees will have more satisfied clients because of the excellent services they receive and in return a greater chance of repeat business will likely to come. Another tip from Losyk is to highlight and draw attention to outstanding employees by giving awards, certificates, extra remuneration, dinners as well as posting their photos on bulletin boards or company newsletters. To share and show support, to listen and know their personal and family problems can be a key factor for lasting relationship with employees. It will create a positive and motivating atmosphere resulting to a more productive and high-quality employees (Losyk). Increasing demand for immigrant workforce and opportunities abroad: The increasing demand of hiring cross-cultural workforce is a global necessity to respond the needs internationally. But because of the terms and conditions in hiring immigrants, it is very difficult to establish a worthy and constant employee for a particular business due to numerous alternative employment with other companies. To better understand the recruitment, hiring and retaining the best employees especially the immigrants and ethnic workers, it is important that we should consider the culture, traditions, and beliefs, know the different ethnic lifestyles and values, appreciate the impact that the immigrant workforce is influencing the management, and study the fabrications on recruitment of diverse ethnic groups. In addition to Losyk’s article, he stressed that it is significant that companies must understand the needs and desires most Hispanic and Asian workers want from a workplace, discover how to give comment to immigrant employees, determine the critical factors needed to train Asian, Hispanic and other cross-cultural groups, and create management techniques that can work and understand the involvement and recognition with the ethnic groups (Losyk). Further problems encountered by other employers is when their employees who are assigned to work overseas over a period of time will transfer to another companies in a few months to seek greener pastures. These are real and actual happenings in most development organizations when workers or volunteers enter into a contract to gain experience overseas and marked it as a stepping stone to find great opportunities abroad. How can companies and organizations struggle to this concurrent problem? Is this just a cycle to be left out and find new workers to continue the job? Are there any other holistic means that we can manage to surpass this continuing global recruitment problem?

The Andean Community of Nations

The Andean Community of Nations The Andean Community of Nations History The history of the Andean Community of Nations started on the 26th of May 1969, when Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru signed the Cartagena Agreement. This was the launch of the Andean Integration process and was also known as the Andean Pact, (Andean Community of Nations, a brief history, par. 1). On February the 13th 1973, Venezuela joined the agreement and on the 30th of October 1976, and Chile withdraw itself out of de community. Also Venezuela withdraws itself out of de community. This happened in April 2006. All the bodies and institutions of the Andean Community of Nations as we know today were created in the first ten years of the organisation except for the Andean Council of Presidents. This was created in 1990 ( Andean Community of Nations, a brief history, par. 4). Objectives The Andean Community of Nations has six objectives: to promote the Member countries harmonious development throughout integration and economic and social cooperation to accomplish growth and to create employment to assist participation in terms of regional integration with the purpose of a creation of a Latin America common market to reduce the differences that exist between the member countries to consequently search for the improvement of the living conditions of the citizens living in the region of the Andean Community of Nations to improve the role of their member countries in the world and the international economy ( Andean Community of Nations, what are our objectives?). Tactics and actions Organisation and structure The Andean Community of Nations consists of 4 members: Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. The observer countries are Mexico and Panama. The Andean Community of Nations has thirteen bodies and institutions: Andean Council of Presidents The Council of Presidents is highest body of the organisation and is responsible for the making guidelines for the rest of the organisation Andean Council of Foreign Affairs This body is made up of all the foreign affairs ministers of the member countries and is responsible for making and carry out the foreign policy of the organisation Andean Community Commission The Commission is the main policy- making body of the Andean Community of Nations Andean Community General Secretariat The General Secretariat is the executive body of the organisation and has the responsibility of drawing decisions for the Council of Foreign Affairs Andean Community Court of Justice This Community is the legislative body of the organisation and is made up of four judges of the four member countries. They are responsible for ensuring that the laws of the Community are being applied appropriately. Andean Parliament The Andean Parliament is the body that represent the citizens of the member countries. Andean Development Corporation This Corporation is the financial institution of the organisation. They support the public and private sector of the member countries as well as the governments. Latin America Reserve fund The purpose of this Fund is to give financial assistance to the member countries by giving credits or loans and it also helps the member countries to harmonize their financial and monetary policies. Andean Business Advisory Council Andean Labour Advisory Council Andean Health Body Simon Rodriguez Convention Simon Bolivar University All the above mentioned bodies and institutions are part of the Andean Integration System (SAI). This system was designed to allow effective coordination between al the bodies and institutions in order to maximize the Andean integration. Introduction based on questions 1 -7 The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that e-government can play in Regional International Organizations in Central- en South America. First it is important what is meant by e-government. E-government is also known as electronic government, e-gov, digital government or online government. Technology, or e-government, is the way of exchanging information and services with citizens, businesses, organisations and other arms of government. E-government also entails the use of information technology to free movement of information to overcome the physical bounds of traditional paper and psychical bases systems, as well as the use of technology to enhance the access to and delivery of government services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees. E-government comprises activities that take place by digital processes over a computer network, usually the internet. These activities generally involve the electronic exchange of information to acquire or provide products or service, to place or receive orders, to provide or obtain information, or to complete financial transactions. Second it is important to examine what is meant by Regional Organizations in Central- en South America. Regional Organizations are international organizations which bring together countries occupying a certain region with shared needs and interest for the purpose of closer cooperation and or integration. According to the Yearbook of International organizations there are eight criteria for inclusion under the international organization: The aims must be genuinely international with the intention to cover at least three states Membership must be individual or collective participation, with full voting rights, and must be open to any individual or entity appropriately qualified in the organizations area of operations. Voting must be so that no national group can control the organization The constitution must provide for a formal structure giving members the right periodically to elect governing bodies and officers. Provision should be made for continuity of operations with a permanent headquarter Officers should not all be of the same nationality for more than a given period. There should be a substantial contribution to the budget from at least three states and there should be no attempt to make profit for distribution to members Those with an organic relationship with other organisation must show that it can exist independently and elect its own officials Evidence of current activities must be available Negative criteria are: size, politics, ideology, field of activity, geographical location of headquarters, nomenclature, is irrelevant deciding whether a set-up is an international organisation or not REFERENCES There are two ways of defining Central America. It is possible to define Central America as a region of the North American continent. Geopolitically spoken, it comprises seven countries Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Mexico is often included. In Latin America and in Europe, the Americas are considered to be a continent and Central America is a region of that continent. The United Nations geoscheme defines the region as all states of North America south of the United States; conversely; the European Union excludes Belize and Mexico from its definition of the region. South America comprises the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela. Besides those countries are there also various islands, many of which belong to countries of the continent. Geopolitically, the islands states and overseas territories of the Caribbean are generally grouped as a part of sub region of North America. Third, it is important to know what the main Regional Organisations are in Central- and South America. The main Regional International Organisations are: Mercado Comun del Sur (MERCOSUR) The Andean Community of Nations The Union of South American Nations (Unasur/Unasul) The Organization of American States (OAS) Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH) Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la AmÃÆ'Â ©rica Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL) The Inter- American Development Bank Associacao Latino-Americana de Intergracao / Asociacion Latino-Americana de Intergracion (ALADI) Association of Caribbean States (ACS) Latin American Economic System (SELA) Latin American Centre for Development Administration (CLAD) Mercado Comun Del Sur and the Andean Community of Nations are two Regional International Organisations which have great influence in the region. The two organisations are the two main trading blocks and therefore the choice was made to examine them further in the rapport. Mercosur (Mercado Comun del Sur) Mercosur or Mercado Comun del Sur, is a trading bloc in South America. The trading bloc is the fourth-largest trading bloc in the world and the largest in South America. The bloc comprises Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay and was founded in 1991 by the treaty of Asuncion. In 1994 the treaty of Ouro Preto gave the organisation a wider international status and formalised a sustoms union. The organisations headquarters lies in the capital of Uruguay Montevideo. Mercosur has two official languages; Spanish and Portuguese. The rotation of the presidency of Mercosur between member states takes place every six months. The Mercosur institutions include among others: Common Market Council Common Market Group Commission of Commerce of Mercosur Parliament of Mercosur The parliament of Mercosur was inaugurated in December 2006. Initially, the parliament serves only as an advisory committee for the foreign ministers of the Mercosur member states. The four states that conform Mercosur find expression in their democratic, defending societies of the fundamental liberties, the human rights. They unite to fight against poverty and unite to bring economic development and legal security. The fundamental objective of the treaty of Asuncion is the integration of the four states parts, through the free movement of goods, capital, services and people among its member states, the establishment of a common external tariff and the adoption of a common commercial policy. The Mercosur countries count a population of more than 220 million people and have a collective output of $1.1 trillion, accounting for over 75 percent of South Americas GDP with $800 billion for Brazils count. Mercosur has 5 associated members; Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The fact that they are associated members means that can join free-trade agreements but they remain outside the blocs customs union. There were moves to include Chile as full member, but these were suspended after Chile signed a free-trade deal with the United States in 2002. On the 4th of July 2006, Venezuela became the fifth full member of Mercosur. Venezuela, a leading oil and gas producer gave Mercosur greter economic clout, but it raised fairs that the controversial Venezuelan leader Hugo Chavez could use the group as a platform for his anti-US stance. Klonsky, J. (2007). Mercosur: South Americas Fractious Trade Bloc. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from Council on Foreign Relations Website: http://www.cfr.org/publication/12762/ Mercosur, Quienes Somos. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from Mercosurs official website. Website: http://www.mercosur.int/msweb/portal%20intermediario/es/index.htm BBC, Profile: Mercosur Common Market of the South. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from Internation Organisations Website: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5195834.stm

Huck Finn Essay -- essays research papers

Two people taking a trip down a river, is rarely thought of as anything more than just an adventure. Mark Twain, however, uses his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to explore and makes fun of many problems facing American society. Huck, the main character, is considered a boy who is under pressure to conform to the aspects of society. Jim, who comes along with Huck, is a runaway slave seeking freedom from the world that has been denied it to him for so long. Throughout the entire novel Twain uses satire to show problems with society. Early in the novel, Huck scampers away with his good friend Tom and his other buddies. The boys form a gang and then decide one of their tasks in the gang will be to kidnap people and, hold them for ransom. The problem with their plan to kidnap people and hold them for ransom is their misunderstanding of the word â€Å"ransomâ€Å". Tom has a relative idea what the word means, "But per'aps if we keep them till they're ransomed, it means that we keep them till they're dead."(12) All of the boys go along with Tom‘s meaning because he is the leader. In this part of the novel, Twain uses satire to show that even though something may be truly wrong, if society adopts it to be true, then it is known to be true. Throughout the book Twain‘s issue is with slavery, in this instance of satire. During the time period in which The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written, religion was as much an integral part of civilization, as was an educati...

Americas Role in the Cuban Revolution :: American America History

America's Role in the Cuban Revolution The revolution in Cuba was not a result of economic deprivation, nor because of high expectations in the economy, it was the political factors and expectations which evoked the civilians to revolt. The Cuban economy was moving forward at the time before the rebellion but the dominant influence of the sugar industry made the economy "assymetrical" and encouraged no "dynamic industrial sector". Because of the dependance on sugar, the unemployment rate ranged between 16 and 20% rising and falling with sugar prices, ebbing and flowing as the season changed. The rural wage levels were incredibly unsteady and unpredictable; the standard of living was low. Dependance on the sugar industry did not retard the economy of Cuba, just the wages of its workers. It was the leaders of the nation who reaped profit from this dependance, and it was the leaders of the nation who insisted on keeping the nation the way it was. By the mid 1950's, however, the middle class had expanded to 33% of the population. Democracy, as we know it, broke down: the large middle class did not assert democratic leadership, there was no social militancy in the working class ranks, and the people found order preferable to disarray. Batista could no longer legitimize his regime. Failure in the elections of 1954 showed the discontent of the people, and failure in communications with the United States illustrated its discontent. Finally, opposing forces confronted Batista's power: there were street protests, confrontations with the police, assault, sabotage, and urban violence. This began the revolution in Cuba. America, with its stubborn ideas and misjudgements of character, forced Castro to turn to the Soviets for alliance and aid. When Castro visited the United States in April, 1959, there were different respected individuals holding different views of him and his future actions. Nixon believed Castro to be naive, some others thought him a welcome change from Batista, still others called him an "immature but effective leader, without a well formed view of how to lead a revolutionary movement and not overly concerned with abstract of philosophical matters" (p. 55). Why, then, did the United States impress nit-picky ideals like "there should not be communists in the Army or in labor", or "Cuba's approach to the Batista trials is totally unacceptable, too casual, too nonchalant" on this "forming" leader? Castro was like an inexperienced murderer with a gun in his hand: any rustle in the background could set off his nervous trigger

Immigration Reform Essay

Immigration reform is a widely debated topic that affects the lives of every citizen whether they are for, against or indifferent to the issue. The United States needs a new immigration policy that is based less on wishful thinking and more on realism. Spending vast sums of money trying to enforce arbitrary numerical limits on immigration that bear no relationship to economic reality is a fool’s errand. We need flexible limits on immigration that rise and fall with U.S. labor demand, coupled with strict enforcement of tough wage and labor laws that protect all workers, regardless of where they were born. We need to respect the natural human desire for family reunification, while recognizing that even family-based immigrants are unlikely to come here if jobs are not available. And we need to create a pathway to legal status for unauthorized immigrants who are already here so that they can no longer be exploited by unscrupulous employers who hang the threat of deportation over t heir heads. The impact on ethics regarding immigration reform is that there are many Americans who object to providing health care to those who are in this country illegally and they make the principled point that people who violate the immigration laws of this country have forfeited any moral claim to assistance and should not benefit from their illegal behavior. They also argue that providing those here illegally with access to regular health care will as a practical matter have the undesirable effect of increasing illegal immigration. On the other hand the principled argument in favor of including illegal immigrants in health reform is that decent health coverage is a basic human right. A just nation should support that right for everyone, regardless of why or how a person is in the country. There are also practical reasons to support including undocumented immigrants in health reform. Ethics aside, there is no pragmatic way to deny emergency care to illegal immigrants The impact on morals regarding immigration reform would be how does the issue of immigration reform sits with your mores and values. Should the Christian Values of treating others how you would like to be treated be used? Many Liberals would like to change the laws on immigration to strengthen border security and be fair to taxpayers but also include a pathway to citizenship for immigrants who are in the country illegally. Conservatives would like  to strengthen the existing laws and see that the immigrants that entered the country illegally are deported even though in most cases it would cause the break-up of families as some members may be here illegally and some may be either naturalized or citizens by birth. The things to consider when reviewing how Immigration Reforms would impact our lives is: What are the costs of securing our borders? The current estimate in the costs of securing the borders is $40, 000 per illegal immigrant and the impact it would have on the families and economy of those that live in the border cities would be devastating in terms of loss jobs and revenue. This does not take into account the amount of money spent to hire and train new Border Patrol Agents and drug dogs; using the National Guard and their equipment, and building a fence which places the cost at about 90 billion dollars a year. What are the costs of detaining immigrants? According to the American Civil Liberties Union the cost of detaining an illegal immigrant is between $122 -$164 a day. Should illegal immigrants receive help with medical and food? This is an ethics and moral issue concerning decent human treatment. Though it would place a heavy strain on resources and the economy some type of system should be set up with a limit on how often an illegal immigrant could use the services until citizenship is granted and a repayment plan is instituted.

Into the Wild Trans Essay

Transcendentalism is a long word to describe very free-minded people. Throughout the novel â€Å"Into the Wild† Chris McCandless, the main character, ventures off into the wild to experience nature at a personal level. Chris comes from a household in which personal relationships, between him and his parents, were not present. While living in this environment, Chris never really felt as if he belonged. It did not take too long before Chris had packed up his bags with nothing but a rifle, rice, and a roadmap and was off into the wilderness. The actions and thoughts in which Chris had experienced resembled those of a transcendentalist thinker. The most distinct three transcendentalists in whom he coincided with include: Whitman, Thoreau, and Emerson. During Chris’s journey, he spent the fair majority of his time camping out or exploring what nature had to offer him. Miles and miles from home, Chris had started to feel a little sense of relief. Whitman was a strong believer in the idea of separation of oneself from everything in order to feel relieved and free to learn and understand who they truly are. This technique helps one to truly get to know themselves and the person that they actually are, not who they are when they are living under the standards of society. Once Chris had reached a resting place far enough away from home the author described his state as follows, â€Å"He was unheeded, happy, and near to the wild heart of life. He was alone and young and willful and wildhearted, alone amid a waste of wild air and brackish waters and the seaharvest of shells and tangled and veiled grey sunlight† (31). This helps to reveal that as Chris got farther and farther into the wilderness and away from society he was overjoyed and all wrapped up in nature and what it has to offer. Whitman himself also spent a sufficient amount of time amongst nature. His spot was in a dark and somber swamp, a place in which people do not usually live. During his time there, he studied nature, plants and animals all in which helped his to â€Å"unravel† himself. Likewise, Chris came to some personal realizations in which he didn’t know before. â€Å"I prefer the saddle to the streetcar and the star-spangled sky to a roof, the obscure and difficult trail, leading into the unknown, to any paved highway, and the deep peace of the wild to the discontent bred by cities†(87). This statement was made by Chris, when he finally departed from the city and into the free land. If he had not left he would have continued to belief that he liked what he was experiencing in society. When people do not know any other way of living, they truly do not know what else is out there. During ones childhood they are placed under the standards of society and do not know any better, this was Chris’s way of breaking free. Chris experienced himself through studying and living amongst nature, just as Whitman did. On this expedition, not only did Chris connect with nature, but he also found that inner connection with himself. Thoreau theorized that if man was to become unconcerned with his outward person and only follow and live by the needs and desires of ones self they would thrive and live in a natural state. He advocated that alone in the woods one is stripped of their expression, because there is no one to express ideas and thought to except oneself. If there is no one or no society to force fake expression what is found is the real and true self and identity. Chris had escaped from the society standards and was finally left to be on his own. After recognizing this he suggests that, â€Å"As if all your life you had been led by the hand like a small child and suddenly you were on your own, you have to learn to walk by yourself. There was no one around, neither your family nor people whose judgment you respected†(103). No longer did Chris have to follow traditions, customs, or rules. Once Chris had abandoned society, he had left certain regulations and standards, leaving him to be himself. Chris was almost starting on a fresh slate and striving to find his own identity. This coincides with Thoreau’s belief that by living alone in the woods, one could achieve a state of tranquility and through experience he could come to a better understanding of life and the â€Å"self†. By testing and experiencing new ideas, in the eyes of Thoreau, one was truly â€Å"living the life†. Throughout Chris’s adventure, there were numerous times where he would stop and reflect on another part of himself in which he had just recognized and discovered. Later on in the novel Chris blissfully exclaims, â€Å"The beauty of this country is becoming part of me. I feel more detached from life and somewhat gentler (†¦) I have always been unsatisfied with life as most people live it. Always I want to live more intensely and richly† (91). As stated before, Chris had always felt as though he was and had to live up to a certain standard and it was really starting to debilitate him. As soon as Chris started to think for himself and make his own decisions, which is necessary to survive in the wild, he realized his own ideals and the way in which he wanted to live his life. Just as Thoreau theorized, Chris would not have not had the ability to â€Å"live the life† if he hadn’t had gone out and tested/experienced new ideas. Courage and self-trust really motivated Chris to keep going and to not give up hope. Emerson was a strong supporter of the phrase â€Å"trust thyself†. He believed that every individual possesses a unique identity that can only be revealed when the individual has the courage to trust his or her own thoughts, attitudes, and inclinations even when the public may not approve. During Chris’s trip he never really knew what to expect when he departed and as he continued on. â€Å"Setting out in small, open boats, built from cowhide stretched over light wicker frames, they crossed one of the most treacherous stretches of ocean in the world without knowing what, if anything, they’d find on the other side† (97). Just as all the other people to go out and take on this same challenge, courage and trust from within was what kept them going. If Chris had not have believed in himself that he could go out and survive on this journey he may not even have made it out the door. Emerson had a strong opinion that each individual must develop a personal understanding of the universe. Chris really reflected this opinion in his desire to go out and experience the world on a more personal level. Emerson writes in â€Å"Prospects†, â€Å"The reason why the world lacks unity, and lies broken in heaps, is because man is disunited with himself. † Emerson believes that in order for a strong society to develop each individual needs to have a strong sense of who they are. This was one of the main reasons why Chris went on this trip, to figure out who he truly was. Throughout the novel, Chris McCandless resembles all three of these transcendentalist thinkers. Whether it was through his actions or thoughts, Chris exemplifies many ideals and beliefs of these men. If it was not for Chris’s free mind and free spirit he may not have ever thought to encounter such a journey. Although the journey did not turn out well in the end, Chris learned bountiful lessons that benefitted him as an individual.

How Becoming an Adult Has Changed Christmas Essay

I love the holidays, they bring a special joy to my life, they make me smile even if things may not be going as planned in my life; just the thought of family and friends spending time together is a great big deal in my family. I now get to experience the feeling and joys my parents did when they see me opening my presents. My children are so precious and I love having every memorial moment with them. We still do the same things at Grandmas every year nothing has changed except for the fact that I’m a Mother now. I can distinctively remember the Christmas of 2006; it was the year my son (Jaylen) was born. It’s the year I realized that my spoiled days were over and it was not only about me any more. It was the first time I actually realized that I’m Mommy now! It was a very fearful and joyful moment at the same time; my family didn’t pay as much attention to me anymore. They were occupied with my new baby boy (Jaylen), I was extremely happy, they had taken to my son because 18 months earlier they were a little upset that I was going to have a baby(they thought I was too young). My dad was the happiest I have seen him in years, he was a proud grand pap. I’ll admit I was a little jealous because all the attention was no longer on just me I had to now share it. Then again I sat back and thought I’m an adult now and I should not be treated like a baby anymore, so from that point forward I found the grown up I had hidden inside. Thirty-three months (two and a half years) later there was an addition to my family for the holiday, I had my daughter JaKailah, she was a great gift after losing our Nana Boat in June of 2009. My daughter was born just 13 days later (June 21 2009); my grandmother and I both feel as though she is a part of Nana Boat in many ways. Not having our Nana Boat with us on Christmas anymore is a huge void; she is their saying â€Å"just give the children what ever they want, they are our special gifts from god†. One thing that has stayed the same is all holidays are special in my family, but Christmas is still the most important. All my family still meet at Grandma’s house every year. We have family from every where that comes in from out of state to celebrate this special occasion. Every year our Christmas routine has stayed the same; grandma has a special way of making every holiday memorable, she was also very particular about time, there was a time for everything we did on Christmas. She has a set schedule between 9:00 am and 10:00 am. Everyone shows up at grandmas to put their presents under the tree. Grandma has breakfast made for everyone every Christmas pancakes, bacon, sausage, eggs and toast. Then at 11:30am it is time to give each other the presents we have for one another. By the time we were all done opening presents it is time for us to have dinner at 2:30. WOW! We could smell that great food cooking the whole time we were opening our presents. As a child I can remember many traditions sheared with my family. Because there were so many people staying at Grandma’s for the holidays. I can remember making pallets (beds) on the floor with my cousins so the adults could have the beds and air mattresses. My cousins and I would stay up really late and sleep until the after noon. After waking up I can remember my Uncle Bobbie; he looked just like Mr. Rodgers (from Mr. Rodger Neighborhood) he has the same blue sweater and those same blue tie up shoes. I would wake up and say good morning, Mr. Rodgers it is going to be a wonderful day in the neighbor hood. I was a very spoiled child; I got what ever I wanted, when I wanted it from every one in my family. I have even started my own traditions with my children, we have one day where we all sit down at the dining room table after Thanksgiving and we tell each other what we would like to have Santa Clause bring us for Christmas. I have even found a count down to Christmas calendar filled with chocolate candies, it starts at twenty-five and end at one; what you do with this calendar is you start at twenty-five and every night eat one piece of chocolate and by the time its Christmas eve there is one less piece of chocolate remaining. Basically it is a count down to Christmas by eating a piece of chocolate each night until Christmas. My children are still very young so we are still in the process of coming up with new traditions. Things in life change so fast with out notice, some good and some bad, I just make the best of what I have. I always thought that I would need to be the center of attention, but this Christmas I learned that it’s not always about me. Each and every member of my family was very important in many ways. Each of us have our own roles and it works for my family. My fiance is a very quiet, laid back, stay out the way type of person. My Aunt is crazy for the kids, she literally buys them everything. My uncle is the strict no nonsense kind of guy who like the kids to stand in the corner. Uncle what can I say about him? Oh wow he’s the grouch, always yelling, the Children are too loud make them sit down. My dad always happy and feeding into what ever the kids say, do this and do that. Pappi mostly hiding in the room away from everyone to stay away from the chaos. My mom she is the clean freak always running around after every one cleaning up behind them. My Nana Boat she was all for the kids give, give, give that all she knew when it came to her baby’s. My brothers and sister they are needy, always wanting something that they really do not need. Being the big sister I have to love them(I do very much so. I’m only going to talk about my immediate family, because if not you will be here reading for months. As for my-self I’m kind of a reserved person; I just sit back and watch what’s going on around me. I can remember the time it took my grandma to prepare for Christmas; she would bake for weeks. She would let me help her make cookies, pies, fudge, and my most favorite of all chocolate covered pretzels with sprinkles. I can still smell those cookies and pies bake. Being with my grandma and helping her bake was the best feeling in the world. Still to this day my grandma still lets me help her bake for Christmas. She doesn’t leave out my children, they are right there with their hands in the dough, just getting as messy as possible. I know every edition to or family makes Christmas every year more and more enjoyable. I believe that each and every Christmas changes each and every person in my family for the better. CODA: There are a few reasons why I chose to use Frank McCourt â€Å"Limerick Homecoming† essay from the book Angela’s Ashes published in 1996. One reason I chose to use this essays style to revise my family essay is because Frank McCourt showed how to go from past to present tense in the same essay to tell about a special event in this life. Another reason I believe that this essay showed that no matter how bad things are at one point or another in your life that having your family around can make things all the better. Lastly, I chose this essay to because I related to the characters, meaning that I related to them so not coming from a rich family, not graduating high school and still striving to make it in this world .