The U.S. Foreign Policy in East Asia

Introduction Since the relations between the United States and China were straightened two decades ago, American interests have invariably remained constant and consistent with those of the larger China. This has been followed with reproach from the political realm which has constantly victimized the long term intentions of this relationship.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The U.S. Foreign Policy in East Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The American population seems to have conceptualized and victimized the manner in which the American administration seems to hold on to the long overdue early political ambitions of social stability, improved levels of technology, a better and firm security force. Would these have materialized, China would be a fertile ground for the vast investments made by the United States in China. Even more compelling, the historical dispute between Taiwan and China does not seem t o be getting to a close with each party maintaining a heavy budget on the acquisitioning and sophistication of their armed forces. In effect the ambitious profit forecasts that raised an interest back after the cold war have remained a dream. The nation’s future therefore appears to be held on weak strings threatening to crumble any time in the face of fluid geopolitics. China’s intention to forcefully acquire Taiwan has embraced serious and sometimes acute criticism even as it continues to acquire apply and export essential technological strategies. There have also been endless concerns as to China’s appetite for human rights as well as religious freedom even as the trade relations with China are nursed. It is therefore only natural that the general opinion is that of every five Americans four are of an opinion that precaution and strict scrutiny of China’s intentions should be taken before these relations become more intimate. They believe that Chinaâ⠂¬â„¢s labor policies should be put to check. Issue and Background China’s long and winding history dates back to the Clinton era when North Korea first announced its withdrawal from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty at a time around March 1993. Negotiations followed and bore the first and possibly the only tangible results in October the following year. A compromise in the form of an agreed framework was drafted that required that all parties be enjoined to the International Atomic Energy Agency monitors. All of the 8000 fuel rods that had been spent were agreeably canned and sealed. Also part of the bargain was the construction of two light water reactors by the end of the 2003 with heavy fuel oil supplies. China in 1996 picked up the cars by firing missiles towards Taiwan. The response by the United States was a show of might in the form of aircraft carriers. A year earlier the Taiwan president had made a trip to the United States leaving the impression that America was endorsing the independence of Taiwan.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was the beginning of the distrustful relations between the United States and China. North Korea would then raise eye brows on the 1st of September 1998 by firing a long-range ballistic missile over Japan. The world responded with aggressive suctions and withdrawal of financing amidst claims by the United States of an underground nuclear project by North Korea. The status quo was maintained by the bush administrations which did little but fan the flames of the conflict between China and Taiwan. In 2001 former president bush was quoted to have supported a military solution and the use of force in the control and maintenance of the North Korea situation. The situation was made even more serious by the admission of North Korea of having abducted of 30 Japanese nationals in connection between 1977 and 1983. This could not have appeared at a more appropriate time. In the same year the United States intelligence would then uncover a nuclear program underway in the Korean country probing the withdrawal of oil shipments by America. The United States position was made manifest in the former president’s speech at Kyoto in November 2005. He advocated for openness in China’s approach to the issue of human freedoms and went on to use Taiwan as an example of a country that had achieved prosperity by embracing freedom and allowing for a democratic Chinese society. It is common ground that the China- United States relations have trod on shaky ground. Talking points The quarrel between China and Taiwan Taiwan originally was occupied by Japan for a long 50 years from 1895 to 1949. Four years later the nationalist Chiang regime lost its power to the communist party in China. Chiang would then flee into Taiwan. The regimes that followed perceived Taiwan as part of â€Å"one C hina† that would be united come the resumption of the nationalist movement. After a long and harsh rule of the Koumintang administration in 1986, the first opposition party was founded. This was after a long period of dictatorship and a ban on opposition parties. The party finally managed to secure a presidential seat for their candidate in year 2000. The doctrines adopted by the party offend the Chinese government’s long conception of Taiwan as a defector province that would one day be united with the larger communist China by whatever means. Nuclear concerns In the recent history China has placed blame on the US for benefiting on selling on nuclear sophisticated technology to countries like Pakistan who just recently practiced its pilot missile. Nuclear concerns have time and again stood in the way for the mending of the relations between these two countries. There are those who are of the opinion that it is the strategic and developmental significance that holds stil l the random and shaky connection between these countries.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The U.S. Foreign Policy in East Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Points of Debate The United States position Despite the recent series of events, China has remained to be the most populous nation in the world as well as among the most promising of countries. It bears a colossal capacity for growth and is an ideal ground for investment. The United States has historically recognized Taiwan as part of the greater China and has time and again advocated for an amicable resolution to the e Taiwan China dispute. Despite the provisions of the 1979 Taiwan Relations act to which the United States is bound it has maintained a fine line between the long history between the relations of these two nations and the gradually improving influence of China. In effect the United States has made a firm stand in the campaign for its p rinciples and values of freedom and democracy and yet avoiding an unnecessary conflict with China. Even so it would be hard to avoid noticing the current status of Taiwan which by 2005 had a gross national product of 328 billion of which 174 billion was attributed to trade and export of electronics. This indicates a successful economy that is supported by a multiparty democracy. In the spirit of democracy and the recent examples of Eritrea, Southern Sudan, Libya and Tunisia it would only seem fit that the revolutionary effects of democracy are not far off. Moments of collaboration For all intents and purposes the relations between Washington and Beijing have been of mutual assistance and cooperation in the search for an amicable resolve to the conflict crisis. In 2005 the bush administration secured peace talks negotiations between Taiwan and China. These are less likely however to occur in future owing to the division among the electorate with a substantial amount in favor of both propositions. In other avenues China and the United States have displayed a team effort as was seen in the 1991 gulf war against Iraq in its move of sustaining as opposed to exercising its veto in the un security council. Way forward Despite the above mentioned setbacks, the two states maintain a certain degree of trust that each nation will keep the others interests in mind when it comes to the making of big decisions affecting either nation. If the current state of affairs is anything to go by, the solution to the constant hedge against each other is co-operation and demonstration of regard for each other’s goals. An outstanding cause of the constant conflict between the two nations is the divergence of values and interests alongside the difficulty in ascertaining each party’s intentions. More often than not it stands in the way of development of a common object of values and commonality of interests.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More China for instance invested its national interests in territorial integrity alongside institutional security and economic development. Of paramount importance is institutional security with the sole tenet of service to the people. The genuine changes that have transformed China such as imperialism colonialism and hegemonic ideology have set it back to the development road a road that the United States gives a detached cognizance. (Despres, P. 115) The Chinese bear a saying to the effect that modesty aids progress while conceit drags the one behind. It is of essence that both parties treat each other with a sense of equality and respect for the others institutions. For all intents and purposes, the American conception of the Chinese system should me more objective in as far as performance is concerned and in relation to the international standards of civil rights and social reform. The relationship between the two states has in recent times received substantial support by the current president of China even in the face of the hard economic times brought by the year 2010. The challenge therefore is on building and maintaining these improvements. This will not be an easy task due to the divergence of the compatible interests of both nations. China on its part will be required to do more than just casual international exchanges and international cooperation. It will be required to adopt policies that safeguard its investments and the interests of its people. This may be the explanation behind the continued investment in the defensive capacity. If however the objectives are not stated clearly and their plans explained, the United States may get the wrong impression and it is therefore important to ensure that their level of trust is maintained to save both parties the misconceptions and misjudgments (Pouyan, P. 115) It is also important that China understands the legitimacy of the concerns and desires specifically with regard to the all too common issue of freedom of navigation in the open seas. Undeniably the United States has monopolized the administration of and management of the open seas including Asia. Naturally it has been a cause for concern for policy makers and drafters as well as critics as to the United States objectives and interests. Presumably the picture has been tainted as one of selfish interest. This situation has been worsened by the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and increased need for alternate sources of revenue for the continued development goals the navigate freedom continues to be more and more liberal. This has been a cause of anxiety for the United States for instance in the Chinese prospects over a number of exclusive economic zones. This has raised eyebrows and could be a cause of dissatisfaction. It is of essence that the Chinese government declares its intentions to ensure that the essence of suspicion does not persist. The survival of these friendly ties it’s for the mutual benefit of both nations. It would be of specific benefit to China if both parties as well as other ASEAN members to make attempts to reconcile each others stand by creating a system of administration that will aid the free convenience of the south China seas but still support the invariable interests and privileges of China in so far as economic exploitation is concerned. The connection between the American population and the Chinese is invaluably important since the Chinese economy presents and maintains a substantial market for the many citizens who deal in export goods in the likes of farmer’s workers and businessmen across the United States besides the all famous multinational companies such as Microsoft, Motorola and Boeing. The Chinese also have a bearing on the American security situation. The United States has sent its troops to mitigate the South Korean issue. China is therefore an important agent in ensuring that the democratic concerns Pu t forward by the United States receives motivation and backing. In the face of the rising need for renewable and environmentally friendly sources of energy, China plays a big role in the fight against pollution. It is therefore an important ally in the environmental campaign. China’s economic progress has taken a down turn owing to among other things the changing economic times. It has been presented with hard edged choices as the profits from the liberalization ideology seem to be marginalizing. It is of urgent need that the nation takes measures to address the social and political steps towards an amicable resolve. Of urgent concern is the political twist that has befallen the regime that enforced controls that allocate lesser capital for instance to the banking sector. The banking system in any nation forms the benchmark for the growth of any economy. It therefore is counterproductive to restrain it since it has a bearing in almost all sectors. It is also important that the level of corruption be put to check as well subs tantive reform to the nation’s taxation system. The political environment in China leaves alit to be desired. It is a high time that the leaders are made more accountable for their undertakings in their various administrative dockets. The leadership seems to be preoccupied with preserving and guarding its power and territory at the expense of the vision of China. It is important in the fulfillment of the democratic mandate vested in them by the electorate. The entrance (Harries, P. 2-25) For the past decade monetary policy has been among the greatest concerns in the United States- China relations. Issues have been raised as to whether each not each country’s currency is at the equitable value. Each country has often shifted blame on the other refuting the responsibility for the state of affairs. Experts however have a different view and have the assumption that Chinese Yen is rated low. The rising value of the Chinese currency will therefore have a great bearing on the balance in trade between the two nations. Just recently have tried the best to put pressure on China to Up- grade Chinese Yen as a currency. The US congress has presented a bill that seeks among other things to require the administration to enforce tariffs on any imports from China. In return the Chinese have criticized this move as one of unfair motive. It has formed a renewed source for debate and if not resolved, could lead to unwanted conflict. Recommendations From a realist stand China is a threat to the United States by the fact that it has gradually walked to global homogeneity. They suggest that these recent turn of events could likely to lead to war. The liberalists on the other hand take the view that the increase in power of the Chinese regime is not solely enough to lead to war. They consider casual mechanisms as an amicable solution to the sustenance of peaceful coexistence. Both present strong argue that tend to lean on pessimism rather than objective optimism. To avo id any of these unfortunate eventualities they suggest that the United States adopts the advice of one Walter Russell which entails the strategic employment of sticky power. This is a term that was derived by Russell from the construction of peace built on trade relations. It marries the liberalist and realist approaches in providing a balance to the whole stand down. It embraces liberal ideas such as economic reliance to motivate continued relations. It also recognizes realist chances of war. In effect the interdependence and democratization are used as a barrier to war. It also keeps in mind the realist possibility of war and braces for such war bringing aboard historical precedent. Sticky power seems to be the most reliable compromise that has long-term prospects of success. Conclusion The future of these relations is crowned with uncertainty. As it were the two nations have a lot to learn from Theodor Roosevelt’s quote to the effect that it is always to the benefit and in terest of every other nation that a nation maintains its stability and prosperity. It is not to any nations disadvantage that a nation has stability within its borders the kind that is strong but not too strong as to provoke aggression form its neighbors. It is for the greater good that hopes for change development growth and progress with regard to democracy peace and legitimacy in line with the doctrines of natural justice summarized in the quote â€Å"live and let live† In the end after all the legacy of the presidents regime in so far as the bilateral relationship is concerned will be judged buy the ability to bring the Chinese regime into the campaign for international concerns such as global warming. It is of alarming concern that the two nations combined account for at least 40 % of the global emissions. It is issues of this kind that the world at large measures the achievement and potential of a nation’s democracy. Works Cited Despres, John. â€Å"American Int erests In and Concerns with China†. 3/12/10 Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports.html Harries, Owen.†China In The National Interest†. New Jersey.Transaction Publishers 2006. P. 115 Pouyan, Vahabi-Shekarloo.†The making of American foreign policy towards China†.Norderstedt Germany. Druck and Bindung. 2005 .P, 2-25 This term paper on The U.S. Foreign Policy in East Asia was written and submitted by user Randy Wright to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Examples of Mixed Metaphors and Cliches

Examples of Mixed Metaphors and Cliches As defined in our glossary, a mixed metaphor is a succession of incongruous or ludicrous comparisons. When two or more metaphors (or cliches) are jumbled together, often illogically, we say that these comparisons are mixed. In Garners Modern American Usage, Bryan A. Garner offers this classic example of a mixed metaphor from a speech by Boyle Roche in the Irish Parliament: Mr. Speaker, I smell a rat. I see him floating in the air. But mark me, sir, I will nip him in the bud. This sort of mixed metaphor may occur when a speaker is so familiar with the figurative sense of a phrase (smell a rat, nip in the bud) that he fails to recognize the absurdity that results from a literal reading. Now and then a writer may deliberately introduce mixed metaphors as a way of exploring an idea. Consider this example from British journalist Lynne Truss: Well, if punctuation is the stitching of language, language comes apart, obviously, and all the buttons fall off. If punctuation provides the traffic signals, words bang into each other and everyone ends up in Minehead. If one can bear for a moment to think of punctuation marks as those invisibly beneficent fairies (Im sorry), our poor deprived language goes parched and pillowless to bed. And if you take the courtesy analogy, a sentence no longer holds the door open for you to walk in, but drops it in your face as you approach. Some readers may be amused by this sort of metaphorical mix; others may find it tiresomely twee. In most cases, mixed metaphors are accidental, and the haphazard juxtaposition of images is likely to be more comical or perplexing than revealing. So stick these examples in your pipe and chew them over. So now what we are dealing with is the rubber meeting the road, and instead of biting the bullet on these issues, we just want to punt.[T]he bill is mostly a stew of spending on existing programs, whatever their warts may be.A friend of mine, talking about the Democratic presidential candidates, tossed out a wonderful mixed metaphor: This is awfully weak tea to have to hang your hat on.The mayor has a heart as big as the Sahara for protecting his police officers, and that is commendable. Unfortunately, he also often strips his gears by failing to engage the clutch when shifting what emanates from his brain to his mouth. The bullets he fires too often land in his own feet.The walls had fallen down and the Windows had opened, making the world much flatter than it had ever been but the age of seamless global communication had not yet dawned.Ive spent a lot of time in the subways, said Shwa. Its a dank and dark experience. You feel morbid. The environment contributes to the fear that de velops in men and women. The moment that you walk into the bowels of the armpit of the cesspool of crime, you immediately cringe. Anyone who gets in the way of this cunning steamroller will find himself on a card-index file and then in hot very hot water.A Pentagon staffer, complaining that efforts to reform the military have been too timid: Its just ham-fisted salami-slicing by the bean counters.All at once, he was alone in this noisy hive with no place to roost.Top Bush hands are starting to get sweaty about where they left their fingerprints. Scapegoating the rotten apples at the bottom of the militarys barrel may not be a slam-dunk escape route from accountability anymore.It is easy to condemn Thurmond, Byrd and their fellow pork barons. Few of us would hail a career spent stewarding the federal gravy train as the vocation of a statesman.Rather than wallowing in tears, let this passionate community strike while the iron is hot. It probably won’t cost the National Park Service a single penny, will be no skin off its nose, will heal the community and it presents a golden opportunity for first-person interpretation. Federal Judge Susan Webber Wright stepped up to the plate and called a foul.[Robert D.] Kaplan keeps getting into scrapes at the keyboard. I wanted a visual sense of the socioeconomic stew in which Al Qaeda flourished. You smile in admiration, as at something rare, like a triple play; its a double mixed metaphor. Remember this: Keep an eye on your metaphors and an ear to the ground so that you dont end up with your foot in your mouth. Sources Lynne Truss,  Eats, Shoots Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, 2003 Chicago Tribune, cited by  The New Yorker, August 13, 2007 The New York Times, January 27, 2009 Montgomery Advertiser, Alabama, cited by  The New Yorker, November 16, 1987 Bob Herbert, Behind the Curtain,  The New York Times, November 27, 2007 Thomas L. Friedman,  The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, 2005 Our Town, N.Y., cited by  The New Yorker, March 27, 2000 Len Deighton,  Winter: A Novel of a Berlin Family, 1988 The Wall Street Journal, May 9, 1997 Tom Wolfe,  The Bonfire of the Vanities Frank Rich,  The New York Times, July 18, 2008 Jonathan Freedland,  Bring Home The Revolution, 1998 Daily Astorian, cited by  The New Yorker, April 21, 2006 Catherine Crier,  The Case Against Lawyers, 2002 David Lipsky, Appropriating the Globe,  The New York Times, November 27, 2005 Garner, Bryan A. Garners Modern American Usage. 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, October 30, 2003.

Understanding Expressive Roles and Task Roles

Understanding Expressive Roles and Task Roles Expressive roles and task roles, also known as instrumental roles, describe two ways of participating in social relationships. People in expressive roles tend to pay attention to how everyone is getting along, managing conflict, soothing hurt feelings, encouraging good humor, and take care of things that contribute to one’s feelings within the social group. People in task roles, on the other hand, pay more attention to achieving whatever goals are important to the social group, like earning money to provide resources for survival, for example. Sociologists believe that both roles are required for small social groups to function properly  and that each provides a form of leadership: functional and social. Parsonss Domestic Division of Labor How sociologists understand expressive roles and task roles today is rooted in Talcott Parsons development of them as concepts within his formulation of the domestic division of labor. Parsons was a mid-century American sociologist, and his theory of the domestic division of labor reflects gender role biases that proliferated at that time and that are often considered traditional, though theres scant factual evidence to back up this assumption. Parsons is known for popularizing the structural functionalist perspective within sociology, and his description of expressive and task roles fits within that framework. In his view, assuming heteronormative and patriarchally organized nuclear family unit, Parsons framed the man/husband as fulfilling  the instrumental role by working outside the home to provide the money required to support the family. The father, in this sense, is instrumental or task-oriented he accomplishes a specific task (earning money) that is required for the family unit to function. In this model, the woman/wife plays a complementary expressive role by serving as the caregiver for the family. In this role, she is responsible for the primary socialization of the children  and provides morale and cohesion for the group through emotional support and social instruction. A Broader Understanding and Application Parsons conceptualization of expressive and task roles was limited by stereotypical ideas about gender, heterosexual relationships, and unrealistic expectations for family organization and structure, however, freed of these ideological constraints, these concepts have value and are usefully applied to understanding social groups today. If you think about your own life and relationships, you can probably see that some people clearly embrace the expectations of either expressive or task roles, while others might do both. You might even notice that you and others around you seem to move between these different roles depending on where they are, what they are doing, and who they are doing it with. People can be seen to be playing these roles in all small social groups, not just families. This can be observed within friend groups, households that are not composed of family members, sports teams or clubs, and even among colleagues in a workplace setting. Regardless of the setting, one will see people of all genders playing both roles at various times. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

The Economic Factors that Help Explainining the Expansion of Low-Cost Research Paper

The Economic Factors that Help Explainining the Expansion of Low-Cost Airline Carriers - Research Paper Example Accessibility of alternative modes of transport that are rationally close substitutes for air transportation diminishes with distance travelled. Globalization and free movement of merchandise and people between and within regions have a positive effect on air travel demand. Business travel market consists of time sensitive passengers; therefore, these customers are price inelastic in terms of fares. If the airline firm offers high quality service to this market segment, such as frequent and reliable frights, flexibility, comfortable seats, and excellent, frequent flyer programme rewards, business class customers will be willing to pay high prices (Junwook, 2011). However, with the introduction of low cost airlines the price elasticity of this business class market has changed and they display price elasticity. In previous years, airline industry relied heavily on business travel market as a major source of profit, however, this trend has changed, and the industry has noted that a hig her percentage of passengers considers price over service. Business class customers are willing to give up luxuries, food quality, flexibility or choice in return to lower prices. According to Rosario & Eddy, 2010, the economy travel market is largely determined by the costs being charged by the airlines; they are price sensitive. The first class air travel market does not generate much profit to the airline industry, as a result, many airlines are moving from three to a two-class cabin. The levels of consumer income influence the passenger’s choice of the air travel class; the choice of consumers with high levels of income will differ with those of consumers with low levels of income (Bijan, & Tom, 2008). The demand for leisure travel is influenced by the number of independent holidays and short term breaks; in this market passengers book flights, accommodation and car by themselves. According to Airport International, the changes in demand of leisure travel indicate that cu stomers are expecting and preferring low fares. Low fares in this market segment are the main stimulus for growth in luxury travel, and passengers are willing to change destination for fabulous deals. According to Susan, 2009, the prices of air tickets are largely influenced by the fuel prices, the exchange rates, and the costs of financing airline projects. High costs of financing, unstable exchange rates, and high fuel prices lead to high air fares. Other natural calamities, such tsunami and earthquakes among others results to decline in tourism and business travels thereby, affecting the air travel demand in the affected areas (Roger, 2008). The following diagrams and tables show the effects of fuel prices on operating costs of the airline industry. Prices of air tickets are determined by the price of fuel; fuel price is influenced by the prevailing economic conditions such as the exchange rates. Industry Fuel Costs and Net Profits. Source: Industry Financial Forecast Table (IATA Economics). Fuel Impact on Operating Costs Year % of Operating Costs Average Price per Barrel of Crude Break-even Price per Barrel Total Fuel Cost 2003 14% $28.8 $23.4 $44 billion 2004 17% $38.3 $34.5 $65 billion 2005 22% $54.5 $51.8 $91 billion 2006 26% $65.1 $68.3 $117 billion 2007 28% $73.0 $82.2 $135 billion 2008 33% $99.0 $88.9 $189 billion 2009 26% $62.0 $55.4 $125 billion 2010 26% $79.4 $91.0

Sandy Skoglunds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sandy Skoglunds - Essay Example scale thus teetering balance amidst reality and unreality were heightened most emphatically when populace were included within the scenes due to the undeniably real live models (Bleicher, pp76-124). Sandy Skoglund is commonly associated with the big format photographs containing her bright and amusingly unsetting, room-sized fitting that poke fun at the existing suburban reality. The two installations coupled with the photographs were at the Museum of Glass. Every installation is approximately fifteen feet in height, width and corresponding breath and entailed backdrop panel, floor and constructed figures (Bleicher, pp76-124). The blue backdrops were covered with numerous fluttery glass dragonflies and marshmallows. Moreover, the floor was made of the inlaid blue glass tiles within the crackles pattern approximately six inches beneath the distinct glass sheet. The photographs of Skoglund are more effective and less stagy than the prevailing installations. Nevertheless, the photographs were very bright. Moreover, within the photographs three human models join the two sculpted figures in order to develop a tableau with the corresponding narrative implications by leaving the view imagination on the

Home Is Where the Heart Is Essay Example for Free

Home Is Where the Heart Is Essay Some say â€Å"home is where the heart is. † Home can be everything to some. Home is their safe comfort place they have in life. Home determines a sense of one’s identity. One poem called â€Å"The Youngest Daughter† by Cathy Song involves characters experiencing conflicting situations between the demands of their home and identity. One might think that this poem is simply about mothers versus daughters; however, this poem evokes a broader sense meaning that daughters are torn between either pulling away or pulling closer to home. In one sense, the daughter in this poem is frustrated with her current situation and aspires to do more with her life, rather than devote her time doing what her mother thinks she should be doing. Despite this feeling, she knows she should be caring for her sick mother. The role she has in her home has conflicting messages. Using the elements of tone, narrative poem, and word choice, the poem can be explicated to show how it creates and resolves the meaning of conflict between mothers and daughters. â€Å"The Youngest Daughter† utilizes the narrative type poem, which helps create and resolve the conflict in the poem. The main conflict in this poem is that the daughter has to choose between obligations and desires, while finding her own role in her home. A narrative poem tells a story, and this poem tells a story about a daughter taking care of her elderly mother. The poem is about what the daughter’s daily life is like. This shows the â€Å"obligations† part of her life. The first sentence of the poem is â€Å"the sky has been dark for many years. † This implies that everything that has been going on with her taking care of her mother has been going on for many years. Since her mother became ill, it has been the daughter’s obligation to take care of her. This obligation is based on cultural expectations. In many cultures, children are expected to take care of their parents once they age. The poem is organized into stanzas that are associated with a certain part of the story. One stanza describes what has been going on lately. Another is about â€Å"this morning. † The last stanza is about what goes on â€Å"in the afternoons. † Through the narrative type poem, the daughter is able to express the feeling that her identity is basically taking care of her mother. This identity is also her role in the family. This role limits her own self-identity. Because she is busy caring for her mother, she is unable to develop a sense of self. She is torn between two things: growing away from her mother, and pulling closer to her mother. She knows she has to take care of her, so that aspect makes her seem to pull closer to her mother. Contrary to that, this daughter is a grown woman, and she has a very limited and conflicted life. Her life is devoted to the mother. This is seen by the story of the poem. She wants to grow apart from her mother and do things in her life that interest her. The reader can see that the daughter wants to escape this whole situation because towards the end of the poem it says â€Å"She knows I am not to be trusted / even now planning my escape. † The readers learn here that the mother doesn’t trust the daughter, for reasons unknown. The second line of the above quote shows the readers that this is what the daughter is currently doing to make her mother not trust her. The daughter also desires that her mother’s health improve, because in the poem is says â€Å"As I toast to her health. Love and pity toward her aging mother clash with the feelings of resentment and entrapment of herself. â€Å"The Youngest Daughter† uses word choice to show the conflict of mothers versus daughters, and the daughter’s internal conflict of obligations and desires. The daughter uses middle diction to show her emotions. Like noted in a previous paragraph, the first sentence of the poem is â€Å"the sky has been dark for many years. † This shows that the daughter has been dealing with her mother’s illness for quite some time, and she hasn’t been able to see the sun. She hasn’t been able to do what she wants to do because she has been so overwhelmed with taking care of the mother and fulfilling her obligations. When describing the mother, the daughter says â€Å"her breathing was graveled / her voice gruff with affection. † The word choice of graveled and gruff is interesting. This demonstrates the effort required to breathe and be affectionate. It’s almost as if the writer of the poem wanted the readers to hear what her breathing and voice sounded like by including those two words in there. This implies in a way that the mother has an opinion with the situation too. These two words make these two lines more effective. The daughter says â€Å"I was almost tender / when I came to the blue bruises. † This shows that the daughter feels sorry for what the mother has to go through. Tender is another interesting word choice. The poem also says â€Å"I soaped her slowly,† meaning that the daughter takes her time when washing her mother, because her life has been accustomed to nothing. Another aspect of obligations is that the daughter says â€Å"I scrubbed them with a sour taste in my mouth. The daughter obviously doesn’t want to scrub the mother, but it is obligation, her duty, so she must. Using the sentence â€Å"We eat in the familiar silence† shows that there is tension between them, because if there was no tension, they would be talking when they are eating. Despite this tension, this still occurs each day, and they continue to follow the same routine. If this line just had said â€Å"We eat in silence,† it would have a much lesser effect on the poem as a whole. By adding the word â€Å"familiar,† it allows the reader to understand that eating that way is a commonality and part of a consistent routine. The words â€Å"familiar silence† contrast each other. Familiar is something that has occurred so often that it becomes accustomed. And what is familiar in this poem? Silence. Silence, though it means quiet, is essentially nothing. Quietness, or nothing, has occurred so much that it is accustomed. The word choice is contrasting obligations with desires. The daughter is obligated to care for her mother. This is evident throughout the entire poem when the daughter describes everything she does for her mother. Despite this, she desires to do something different than just solely care for her mother. This desire is evident when the poem says â€Å"She know I am not to be trusted / even now planning my escape. † The daughter wants to escape, and the mother is aware of it. This contrast between obligations and desires makes the reader of the poem feel that this is an either/or situation. The daughter can either take care of the mother, or she can go off on her own. The last two lines of the poem are very meaningful: â€Å"A thousand cranes curtain the window / fly up in a sudden breeze. These word choices are effective because the words allow the readers to see an ending image. It seems like the cranes flying away is associated with the daughter being set free and escaping her life. It’s ironic how the first line of the poem uses words that talk about the sky, and in the last few lines of the poem the cranes fly into the sky. This line is used as a way for the author of the poem to show that the resolution has occurred. By the end of the poem, the conflict of obligations versus desires is resolved. One of the last lines of the poem says â€Å"As I toast to her health. This shows that the daughter finally realizes that caring for her mother is what’s best for her at this moment. By toasting for her health, she reveals that even though she is sick of caring for her mother, she would rather care for her mother than have her mother be dead. The daughter realizes that there will eventually be a time when the mother dies, and at that time the daughter will be able to do whatever she desires, but right now, her focus needs to be on her mother. The cranes flying into the sky reiterates this fact. When this time comes, even though the daughter will be able to do what she wants, she will be without a mother. She will have no obligations, which in a sense is good for her, because she will be able to do what she wants, yet a part of her life will be missing. Death is always hard to deal with, and even though in the poem she talks about how she wants to escape, in reality she really would miss her mother. The tone is this poem is bittersweet and affectionate; children should care for their aging parents, yet children need to live their own lives. In a way, the tone is also both happy and sad. The way the tone changes correlated with both of the conflicting sides of the poem. It’s happy in the way that the poet shows that there is affection and love between mothers and daughters, yet it is sad in the way that it shows that sometimes conflicts arise between mothers and daughters. This also explains how it is bittersweet. The tone shows that there are moral ties between children and their parents. These moral ties tie in with the obligational part of the conflict. Morally, the daughter feels obliged to care for her mother. The speaker is the youngest daughter of a family, and her duty is to take care of her aging parent. As one can see, looking at a poem through elements can help a reader understand the meaning of it. In â€Å"The Youngest Daughter,† the poem creates the meaning of conflict between mothers and daughters related to the daughter either pulling closer or pulling away from family and having to choose between obligations and desires. The elements of tone, word choice, and narrative poem together effectively create this meaning. In this poem, the home determines one’s identity. The daughter is conflicted between either pulling closer to her home life and her mother, or pulling away from it all and going after her own aspirations. Readers can relate to this poem because many people go through the same predicament in life: taking care of an aging parent. People do it because they love their family. Even though this daughter is having conflicting feelings about taking care of her mother, she does it anyways because family always comes first.

The Addictive Nature of the Internet Essay -- Addicting Internet Web C

The Addictive Nature of the Internet The purpose of this paper is to show the many different ways that people can become addicted to the web (Internet) and to try to explain why. The various aspects of the web, such as the wide range of information, the advanced technology, and alternate ways of communication have contributed to its addictive nature. People of all ages and backgrounds have become so absorbed in using the web, either through work or play, that they have, in effect, become addicted to using it. Some common types of sites which people just cannot seem to stay away from include chat rooms, dating services, sex, pornography, shopping, and sports. The prevalence of Internet use and the growing realization that it has become an addictive vice for some has spurned the creation of groups such as Webaholics Anonymous, Interneters Anonymous, Netaholics Anonymous, the Internet Addiction Association, and the Internet Addiction Support Group (IASG). All of these self-help groups can be sought on-line, which is rather ironic, given the topic, but nonetheless the groups seek to aid those addicted to using the Internet. The name, Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) has even been given to this growing phenomenon of Internet addiction. "Addiction" as defined by Webster's New World Dictionary is "the condition of being addicted (to a habit) or of being an addict." "Addict," on the other hand, is defined as one who has given oneself up to some strong habit. Some may say that being addicted to using the Internet is not a "true" addiction, but according to the Webster definition, Internet addiction can be and is every bit as real and as hard to manage as a drug or alcohol addiction. Depending on where it is one looks ... ...ng from. Anyone who thinks that they may have a problem or knows someone who does should try to be open and honest about it, and should seek help before the situation becomes out of control. For anyone who reads this who is addicted to the Internet, I wish you the best of luck in controlling the disorder. For anyone else, beware of the possibilities! Works Cited "Results of Internet Behaviour Questionnaire." http://www.ifap.bepr.ethz.ch/~egger/ibq/intadd.htm. (April 15, 1997) "Richard's Web Central - Interneters Anonymous." http://www.itw.com/~rscott/ia.html. (March 20, 1997) "Self Help & Psychology Magazine Article: Internet Can Be As Addicting As Alcohol, Drugs And Gambling." http://cybertowers.com/selfhelp/articles/internet/intaddic.html.(March 20, 1997) "Symptoms of Internet Addiction." http://www.addictions.com/internet.htm. (March 20, 1997)

Book Review “Family to Family” Essay

Abstract Family to Family is a book written by the author Dr. Jerry Pipes and Victor Lee. Dr. Pipes is a leader with the North American Mission Board. He travels around the world speaking to audiences through various conferences and workshops, training and equipping many in how to change lives for Christ. He is an accomplished author, husband and father. Victor Lee is from Knoxville, Tennessee. He attends the First Baptist Concord Church, where he serves as the Young Adults Minister. For over twenty-two years he has become an accomplished author of several books, and an editor of a variety of Christian publications. He acts as a Sports Evangelism Consultant for the North American Mission Board. Victor Lee is an accomplished, author, husband and father. The book starts out by stating very clearly that, â€Å"This book was written for families who desire to have meaningful family time, true significance and desire to pass on the legacy of their faith in Christ on to their children.†1 Thi s book by Pipes and Lee was written to help the family with tools and resources to find their God given purpose. It is designed to inspire parents to grow Christ centered families through a relationship with Jesus Christ. Throughout the first few chapters Pipes and Lee provide the readers with engaging questions, and activities to transform and grow the family. The author help parent to find and understand their mission given by God as parents. Through the use of scriptures and many great stories the authors help to foster changes within the lives of today’s busy families. Pipe and Lee demonstrate through this book that as Christian parent, their mission and their responsibility is to witness or disciple to their children to Jesus Christ and to teach or demonstrate for them how to live out a Christ centered lifestyle. The authors concluding chapters teach the readers about ministry evangelism through witnessing to their neighbors, community and friends. â€Å"Healthy families spend quantity and quality time around God’s purposes. If we truly want to our children to except the gospel, then our commitment to Christ should spill over to those around us who do not know Christ.†2 The authors point out that we as parent have o be willing to intentionally share the gospel with others. Piper and Lee conclude the book with stressing the importance of daily prayer in our lives in our quest to follow Christ. Concrete Response This book reminded me of how my parents have and continued to walk talk and demonstrate Jesus Christ in my life. Just as it is stated in the Bible in the book of Joshua 24:15, â€Å"as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.†3 My mother made it a mission to have us learn about Jesus Christ. She may not have called it a mission by title but, it was important for her and my father to equip us as their children and a Saints of God. This was their goal. At a point in my life when I wanted to except Christ I and remember my mother sitting down with me just as the author outlines in chapter three: Passing the Baton. She asked me some specific questions to be reassured that I was ready to except Christ for myself. I can remember her talking about how God loves me so much, and Jesus God’s son, who He was and how Jesus died for me. Yet as I cried from hearing about Jesus dying on the cross for me and everyone else she and my father comforted me. The best part of her story to me was that the story didn’t end when He died, and as I lit up again, she shared how Jesus Christ rose again on the third day. I can remember desperately wanting to make sure I carried Jesus with me in my heart daily. I can only imagine the joy my parents felt for me that day. This same process was done with each of my siblings as we accepted Christ. Our family intentionally devoted time to spend with Jesus Christ. We prayed together, shared our testimonies with each other and others. We shared our trials and our praise reports. As our parents went out witnessing, we went along, learned and participated as well. We were taught to pray for others and for the lost. My husband and I have incorporated these same principles in our household. I too know and have felt that same joy my parents felt with each of our six children. Pipes and Lee said it best, â€Å"That is what this book is about: raising your family to follow Christ.†4 This is what the Word of God tells us as believers as well, â€Å"Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.†5 Reflection Although I truly enjoyed reading Family to Family by authors Pipes and Lee, I find that this book was really focused on those parents who already know and have a relationship with Jesus Christ and want or need to build a better  Christ centered family life. In reading this book I feel that today, there are so many non-believers who could benefit from the teaching principles in this book. We are all so busy these days. We are like ships passing in the wind, always coming and going. We as parents have to be willing to stop and stand for something within our families. Otherwise what are we really passing on to our children and their children? We must be mission driven within our families just as we are in the business world. The authors Pipes and Lee do a great job in pointing this fact out. I would have liked to see more information to help the reader the parent and future parents to understand the why this is important. The authors might have used more relevant or popular facts pertaining to society today. They could have used statistical examples of grandparents raising their grandchildren. More importantly, I would have like to see more information at the beginning of the book to ensure that the parents understand their relationship with Christ and the direct affect in relation to their children. After all this is where this process begins. As a parent my relationship and my walk with Christ must be in tact in order to lead my children and others to Christ. This book is clearly written for those who desire to pass on the legacy of Christianity in their family. Action I see this book as a great workbook for our church families. After concluding my reading of this book, I decided to meet with my Pastor again. We had discussed in our last session incorporating intentional evangelism as part of our new membership class. We decided to not only share the book but actually take our new families through the process of understanding God plan for the family. First we explained God’s plan for parents through reading and studying of scripture. We used Proverbs 22:6 as a basis for this class, â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go, And when he is old he will not depart from it.†6 The authors remind us that, â€Å"We are to structure our families in a healthy fashion—a fashion prescribed by God—and applying its proper significance—the significance applied to it by God.†7 This would help each family do an examination of their family. Second, after determining or defining where each family sees themselves, we wou ld start by teaching what a healthy family is according to God’s word, found in Deuteronomy chapter six. The family is a social unit of our society,  charged with the purpose of carrying God’s word and His message of love for one another. We would have some discussion over some key questions that should cause each member to reflect on their situation: 1) Do we spend quality time together? 2) Are we committed to each other as well as te whole family? 3) Does the mom and dad share in the involvement and raising of the children? 4) Does each family member understand their significance in Christ? 5) Are the parents actively working the gospel to share the gospel with the children? 6) Is the healthy time spent together centered on God’s purposes? These questions will help to assess where a family currently resides in relation to being a healthy family. Third, would be to do a family application study. Here the class would have each of the family members write down all of their activities for a week. Then, allow the parents and the children to analyze the number of activities that they do as a family and try to eliminate at least one activity that is done individually from each family member’s list. As extra t ime becomes available find another family activity to be done together. Fourth, we would have the families develop a mission statement to include things like; who the family is and what they stand for. Each mission statement should include the family’s purpose, their goals, and their mission in life as a family according to God’s word. We would stress the importance of every member of the family supporting this family mission. The next step would be to equip the parents to share the gospel with their children. Teaching the parents to evangelize at home first is an assured start to build a comfort level for evangelizing to others. We all desire for our loved one to be saved. Parents would be taught to ask the specific questions to ensure their children are ready to accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. The Sixth study for the class would be to share how parents can mentor their children. Mentoring is key to building spiritual maturity in our children. They would study different types of mentoring they should perform; i.e. modeling, being accessible, provide affirmation of their children’s awards and accomplishments, pray with children as well as pray for them, being transparent, empowering children, and making God’s word the center to all that is done. The family will then do an activity together of making bracelets. The bracelets can be a reflection of their love for God and can also be a means of evangelizing to others as they see the bracelets and ask  about them. Lastly, this class would engage the family to be a part of the churches out reach/evangelism ministry, where they go out two Saturdays of the month as a family and church family and meet the needs of other and evangelism to those who are lost. The parents could allow the children to pray and witness to others with them. What better way to leave a legacy than by teaching, mentoring, encouraging and praying for our families as well as the families of others. What this will accomplish is creating an avenue for our church families to find true significance in our lives and the lives of our children. Bibliography 1. Fay, William. Share Jesus Without Fear. Nashville, TN: B and H Publishing Group, 1999 2. The Holy Bible, New International Version, Copyright – 2011

The Global Concerns For Environmental Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay

Environment means everything that surrounds us. It includes topographic points where we live in & A ; things we depend upon. Our natural environment comprises of life every bit good as inanimate things, Sun, Moon, Sky, Air, Water, Rivers, Soil, Mountains, Land, Forests besides workss & A ; animate beings, all these things affect us & A ; we depend on them straight or indirectly like other life signifiers. The basic beginning of life is The Environment therefore we must conserve it for the safety of the world.GLOBAL CONCERNS for ENVIORNMENTAL CONSERVATIONThe Global Concerns for Environmental Conservation that make our economic system resourceful are as follows: – Land ( dirt ) , Water, Air, Sound ( noise ) , Pollutions & A ; its direction. Environmental Awareness Programs. Conservation Motions. Informal Environmental Education. Diverseness of Flowers, harvests, Animals. Sustainable Development- How? & A ; Why?ENVIORMENT POLLUTION & A ; HUMAN LIFEPollution may be defined as that undeserving alteration of air, H2O, dirt ( Land ) & A ; sound ( noise ) in their Physical, Chemical every bit good as Bio- Characteristics such that they become harmfull, to human existences along with other utile Bio-creatures, animate beings, insects, trees in add-on to workss. Healthy Enviornment is the disciplined & A ; balanced signifier of nature. Further more the perturbation of this subject & A ; balance gives rise to pollution. The growing & A ; development of all Living things depend upon balanced Environment where the Environment ‘s different components are in equilibrium. In particular fortunes effects of undeserving & A ; deleterious components addition. As a consequence the Environment gets polluted & A ; the effects have to be faced by all living existences. Kinds OF POLUTION: – AIR POLUTION WATER POLUTION SOIL ( LAND ) POLUTION SOUND ( NOISE ) POLUTIONSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSustainable Development is a form of usage of resources that aim to run into human demands while continuing the environment so that these demands can be met non merely in the present but besides for future coevalss. The term was used in 1987 by` The World Commission on Environment and development ‘ WECD popularly known as the UNITED NATIONS BRUNDTLAND COMMISSION which laid down the foundation for a argument on the significance of `Sustainable development and the function of environment on development.The Commission coined its definition as Development that â€Å" meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of farther concern for the transporting capacity of natural systems with the societal challenges confronting the humanity. † This is a holistic construct of sustainability. It goes beyond the construct of environmental protection for the interest of future coevals.Nobel Laureate Robert Solow defined it as doing certain the following coevals is every bit good off as the current coevals and guaranting that this continues for all clip. He says that adult male made capital such as machine, edifice etc and cognition are replacements for natural capital, peculiarly natural resources. In 1970 ‘s Sustainability was described as Economy in equilibrium with basic ecological support system. Ecologists brought frontward the Concept of â€Å" The Limits to Growth. † The UN ‘s 2005 World SUMMIT outcome papers refers to the â€Å" mutualist & A ; reciprocally reenforcing pillars † of Sustainable Development as Economic Development, Social Development & A ; Environmental Protection. Sustainable Development mantra enjoins current coevalss to take a system attack to growing & A ; development and to pull off natural. Produced & A ; societal capital for the public assistance of their ain & A ; future coevalss. It sets bounds on the Developing World during their development the First World Countries produced important Pollution, the same states encourage the 3rd World Countries to cut down pollution which sometimes impedes growing. Sustainability is a procedure of doing certain that current procedures of interaction with the Environment are pursued with the thought of maintaining the Environment every bit pristine as of course possible. An UNSUSTAINABLE SITUATION occurs when the natural resources are used up faster than can be replenished. Sustainability requires that the natural capital be used at a rate that which can be replenished of course. The thought of Sustainable Development grew from legion Environmental motions in earlier decennaries Acmes such as the EARTH SUMMIT in RIO Brazil, 1992 were major international meetings to convey Sustainable Development to the mainstream. The UN ‘s has called for the ‘greening ‘ of the planetary economic system including in poorer states, with G-20 leaders perpetrating to reason dialogues and make understanding on a replacement treaty to the Kyoto protocol in Copenhagen. In a joint study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research advises the G-20 to concentrate their recovery plans on energy efficiency, substructure and clean engineering markets. The UN International Fund for Agricultural Development is naming on authorities to speed up Agriculture development, with the fiscal downswing forcing 1000000s of people particularly hapless rural people, into low poorness. Global Coalition Civil Society Initiative: – the alliance, which includes the international brotherhood for the preservation of nature, the planetary preservation group WWF, the International Institute for Environment & A ; Development along with trade brotherhood and concern groups, urges the G-20 to put in a Green Economy. It is a procedure which tells of a development of all facets of human life impacting nutriment it means deciding the struggle between viing ends of development and at the same time involves chase of economic prosperity environmental quality & A ; societal equity famously known as THREE DIMENSIONS. The United State ‘s Division Sustainable Development lists assorted countries as coming within the range of Sustainable Development.DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTThe field of Sustainable Development can be conceptually broken into three constitutional parts: – Enviornmental Sustainability Economic Sustainability Socio-Political Sustainability The Concept has included impressions of weak sustainability, strong sustainability and deep ecology. It does non concentrate entirely on Environmental issues.The impression of Capital in SUSTAINABLE Development-Societies need to pull off three types of Capital i.e. : –ECONOMICSOCIALNaturalAll the above-named Capitals are complementary to each other. These may be non-substitutable & A ; their ingestion may be irreversible such as Ecosystem services like Ozone bed Protection or the clime stabilising map of the Amazonian Forest can non be replaced. Many Natural Resources are muti-functional for e.g. Forests provide Raw stuff for paper ( which can be substituted quiet easy ) , but they besides maintain bio diverseness, regular H2O flow & A ; absorb Carbon Dioxide. Natural & A ; Social Capital are besides partly irreversible. The depletion of Natural & A ; Social Capital have non-linear effects. Consumption of Natural & A ; Social Capital have non discernible impact until a certain threshold is reached for e.g. A Lake can, absorb foods for a long clip while increasing its productiveness. However one time a certain degree of algae is reached, deficiency of O causes the lakes ecosystem to interrupt down all of a sudden. Unsustainable Exploitation of natural resources is a major factor for increasing ecological perturbation taking to the undermentioned issues like Global Warming Ozone Layer Depletion, Droughts, Floods, and Scarcity of fuel, Fodder, Pollution of air & A ; H2O, dirt eroding & A ; impairment of dirt wellness, take downing of land H2O. Sustainable Development is a procedure in which development can be sustained for coevalss. It affords to the hereafter generations the same, if non more, capacity to thrive as the present coevals has therefore Sustainable Development focuses on â€Å" INTERGENERATION EQUITY † in the development of Development Resources chances. The ultimate end of all development is to convey about betterment in the quality of life in the society. Every coevals of world creates every bit good as destroys certain sum of resources for its development but, if rate of devastation of resources is greater than that of creative activity for a period of a century or so there would be non merely no farther development but besides there might be Economic stagnancy or even disaster this is referred to as â€Å" LIMITS OF GROWTH † . Thus the present coevals should either drastically curtail the development of non-renewable resources or recycle at least every bit much sum of resources as it uses up so that the hereafter coevals besides has equal opportunity to develop.CRITIQUE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTThe Concept of Sustainable Development has besides raised several reviews at different degrees. The Population control docket that seems to underlie the construct of Sustainable Development has many times commented upon. In economic system like ecology, the mutuality regulation applies. Isolated actions are impossible a policy if non carefully thought, will transport perverse and inauspicious effects for the ecology every bit good as for the economic system. It is a gateway to interventionist proceedings which can be against to the rule of freedom and without proved efficaciousness. The betterment of environment quality depends on the market economic system and the being of legitimate and Protected belongings rights they enable the effectual pattern of personal duty and the development of mechanisms to protect the environment. The State can in this context create conditions which encourage people to salvage the environment. Many suggestions to salvage our environment and to advance a theoretical account of ‘sustainable development ‘ hazard so taking to inauspicious effects. Furthermore the bounds of the public action which are underlined by the public pick theory: pursuit by the political relations of their ain involvements, anteroom force per unit area, partial revelation. It is a gateway to interventionist proceedings which can be against the rule of freedom and without proved efficaciousness. The betterment of environment quality depends on the market economic system and the being of legitimate and protected belongings rights. They enable the effectual pattern of personal duty and the development of mechanisms to protect the environment. The State can in this context create conditions which encourage the people to salvage the environment.De-GrowthThe advocates of De-Growth suggest that the term of ‘Sustainable Development ‘ is an oxymoron. Harmonizing to them on a planet where 20 % of population consumes 80 % of natural resources, a Sustainable Development can non be possible for this 20 % : â€Å" Harmonizing to the beginning of the construct of sustainable development, a development which meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands, the right term for the developed states should be a Sustainable De-growth. Economists have considered economic system and the environment as a individual interlinked system with a incorporate rating methodological analysis. Intergenerational Equity can be incorporated into this attack. Economi sts are leting the possibility of renewable options to petro-chemicals & A ; other non-renewable resources. Efficient policies compatible with increasing human public assistance are being worked upon. Thus the THREE PILLARS of Sustainable Development are: – Interlinkages Intergenerational Equity Dynamic Efficiency Energy Security is a turning concern for rich & A ; emerging Nations. Leading States have been addicted to oil & A ; non invested much into the options.THE MIDDLE WAYSustainable Development implies using renewable natural resources in a mode which eliminate or limit their use or public-service corporation for the future coevalss. It besides implies use of renewable ( exhaustible ) mineral resources in such a manner that they are easy uaccessible to the future coevalss. It besides includes within its scope that the consuming non-renewable resources should be utilized at a slow adequate rate so as to guarantee high chance of an orderly society passage to renewable energy resources. It ensures maximal rate of resource ingestion for a selected development undertaking would be attained indefinitely without increasingly impairing its bio-productivity and ecology unity. Thus Enviornmental preservation accelerates Economic Development than impeding it. This is a recreation from the general b elief. Therefore Environmental Plans have to guarantee: Sustainable and Equitable usage of resources without doing harm to the resources and enabling their sufficient use by both present & A ; future coevalss. It is necessary to halt and forestall farther harm to our life-support system. Conserving biological diverseness and fostering the Gene-pool and other resources for long term nutrient security. The Primary aim of Sustainable Development is to cut down absolute poorness by supplying secure supports that minimize resource depletion, environmental debasement, cultural break and societal instability. Carbon Dioxide in the air causes climate alteration. Restricting its emanation would be dearly-won but if implemented bit by bit the cost of emanations restriction programme would b modest. A cap and trade system would raise the monetary value of anything that straight or indirectly leads to the combustion of fossil fuels. A cap and trade system would raise the monetary value of anything that leads to combustion of Fossil Fuels. Electricity in peculiar would go more expensive since its production takes topographic point in coal fired workss. Electric public-service corporations could cut down their demand to buy licenses by restricting their emanations of C dioxide which is the purpose of cap & A ; trade, to give them an inducement to make that nevertheless steps taken to cut down emanations such as switching to energy beginnings capturing and sequestering much of the C dioxide they emit would raise their cost. If emanation licenses were auction off, the gross therefore raised would give consumer discounts or cut down other revenue enhancements, partly of puting the higher monetary values. There are critical thresholds in the planets climate system, and if we pass these thresholds, the effects are irreversible. Poor states did non do the crisis yet have been severely hurt by it they need money to develop low C growing schemes. There will be no clime alteration trade if the West does non finance greenish economic schemes in the underdeveloped universe. The developed universe is responsible for the green house gasses but the flow of new emanations will come from the fast growth, emerging, developing states as energy demands are increasing exponentially in these states fore-fifths of the growing in emanations between now & amp ; 2030 will come from these states. The Carbon Market can assist developing states in cut downing deforestation and ecosystem debasement. Carbon Market instead than Carbon revenue enhancement is more appropriate for turn toing Climate Change. Several states have program for emanation cuts ( Brazil, EU, Indonesia, Russia, US, South Korea ) or C strength decrease ( China, India ) . China offers 40 % to 45 % decrease in C strength by 2020 it is a continuance of its already bing policy which began in 2006. By 2020 U.S. purposes to cut down emanations by 17 % relation to 2005. However this is below the coveted degree as the IPCC recommends decrease of 25 % to 45 % by the twelvemonth 2020, for rich countries.. Decision ; Battling poorness, betterment in demographic construction, alteration in ingestion forms, wellness, human colony, pollution control, energy direction, intervention of industrial wastes, control of risky stuffs, and after all the critical demands for overall sustainable development of states Beginning: Pratiyogita Darpan-August 2010 and December 2010 hubpages.com/hub/ways-to-prevent-global-warmingA www.content4reprint.com/ †¦ /global-warming-causes-consequences-and-remedies.htmA www.globalwarming.org.in/A -en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_IndiaA www.globalwarming.org.in

Policy Development Evaluation

Policy Development Evaluation Understanding of the Brief The commissioner for the GWS Housing Group is in a mission to recruit qualified consultants on an interim basis to evaluate its tenant focused ‘housing services program’. The consultant will be in a position to show the approach of selecting the most appropriate processes and techniques for evaluation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Development Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The commissioner is also looking for the consultants who understand the background and context to the tenant focused housing services. Apparently, the tenant focused housing services involve its tenants in three key priority areas, which include the production of information for the ‘choice based lettings process’, which is online based, and the appointment of contractors for the repairs of their estate; they also benchmark between the locations. The service also has three key objectives, which include the provision of opportunities for the tenants to control the quality, type and cost of the housing services and enabling the priority of tenants to be reflected in the GWS business plan. Another objective is the development of an approach to housing services, which stands out as the best practice all through the south east of England. With these objectives in mind, the consultants’ mission will be to focus on the choice based lettings process in the production of information and the appointment of contractors for the repairs on their estate. In addition the commissioner expects the consultants to be able to develop an interim evaluation report, which is based on the understanding of the policy, range of techniques, concluding remarks and the appropriate references. The Policy Context/Good Practice Background For the effective delivery of housing services by any organization, the tenants must be involved in one way or the other. The main reasons why tenants are involved are to improve the service delivery, to enhance accountability, encouraging community participation and developing a social capital.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, involving the residents has a direct benefit to them, businesses and the wider community. The decision by the ‘Tenant Focused Housing Services’ to ensure that tenants participate in its programs will result in the enhancement of its performance, good delivery of services and improved accountability. If for instance, the service decides to involve the tenants in refurbishment and clean up exercises, then tenancy turnover gaps can be hugely reduced, which will also benefit the tenants themselves. On the part of the tenants, such kind of involvement will help improve their community participation at the local level besides building their capacities. Based on these reasons, the service must consider involving tenants as an integral component in their objectives. This, however, requires a soberly informed approach and strategic decision making, which can only be achieved through putting down a comprehensive tenant participation strategy (Hunston 2010, p. 56). Such a strategy must aim at addressing two things. To begin with, it must be built upon the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the housing service of the ‘Tenant Focused Housing Services’. It must also aim at putting the tenants at the core of managing the housing units within their areas of aboard, in accordance with the laws of the land. In this connection, therefore, the different legislations and policies concerning housing in the United Kingdom, particularly England, must be understood and appreciated. Apparently, the country has several legislations and policies that are geared toward improving the quality of housing in the UK. Some of them include The Ge neral Housing Consents 2012-Section 32 of the Housing Act 1985, The New Homes Bonus Scheme Grant Determination 2012-13: 31/1981, Change to Ground Rent Notice and Part X Land Held by Public Bodies: Schedule 16 Bodies Covered by Part X Approach to the Interim Evaluation For the efficient accomplishment of the objectives of the Tenant Focused Housing Services, a careful approach must be used in the evaluation process. This is because individual evaluation processes have distinct ways of solving problems in their own rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Development Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For the purposes of attaining the goals and objectives of the Tenant Focused Housing Services, the implementation of three evaluation approaches to the program is necessary. These approaches include the outcome based evaluation, the process and impact evaluation, and the participatory evaluation. The outc ome based evaluation is where data is gathered and analyzed with an aim of establishing the effectiveness of a program in its mission to accomplish its objectives. Upon commencing the project, the consultant with the Tenant Focused Housing Services will have an obligation of gathering the relevant information time after time to consistently ascertain if the stated objectives are really being met. Various adjustments and interventions will then be induced in accordance with the outcome of the data analysis and the information collected (Bozarth 2008, p. 220). In the process of impact evaluation, measurements will be made on the well being of the operations of the project; they will be based on whether or not the project is able to attain the requirements of the target population. This implies the impacts of the project and the manner in which it is satisfying its goals must be considered. In this project, a continuous study will take place to ensure that the tenants of the GSW Housin g Group are really living up to the expected standards and according to the original plan. In participatory evaluation, all the stakeholders are given opportunities to have their hands on experience in the process of monitoring and evaluation of the project activities. Practical involvements of the owners of the project are guaranteed through the use of a variety and specific tools and equipments. This ensures that cases of isolation and marginalization do not occur. In this case, the tenants are not only the clients for the project, but also a big force to reckon with in terms of stake holding. In fact, they are the most important stakeholders to the whole project. They must, therefore, be involved in every process and in various parts of the project (Weiss 2008, p. 162).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Tenant Focused Housing Services apparently has a project team, which comprises of five GWS staff, out of which three are tenants drawn from each of the estates. This is a good start toward ensuring that effective participatory evaluation approach is attained by the service. It is important to note that evaluation involves the use of activities, which are usually very good structured but complex. Moreover, different evaluation approaches are designed to meet different goals and objectives, which are also multi faced. It is against this standard that the process of evaluation should be assumed as an activity that brings together the efforts of various stakeholders involved. Therefore, a unifying modeled approach should be adopted for the same. Techniques/Methods Used to Undertake the Evaluation Process Based on the nature and requirements of the objectives of the projects of Tenant Focused Housing Services, the program is going to use a variety of techniques and methods in its eva luation. Of utmost importance, however, is the selection of the most appropriate tool for the evaluation process. Some of the tools that are widely used for evaluation include interviews, observations, questionnaires and focus groups. For the purposes evaluation of this study, all the tools will be used in their appropriate places. Depending on the cultural context of the tenants, there will be a careful selection of the tools to be used. The evaluation process is a specific procedure of gathering information. Therefore, the types of the information to be collected from the respondents will matter a lot in the selection of the right tool. In this case, the design of the tenants’ aboard will also offer a good consideration to make the process more specific. From the information provided under the basic information column, it is evident that different locations within the Tenant Focused Housing Services have different characteristics and the number of homes and people. This imp lies that each will tentatively receive a specific evaluation tool. In locations such as the LB Southwark for instance, which has two thousand occupants, it will not be possible to interview each and every tenant. This makes the questionnaire the most effective tool for gathering information and evaluating the activities of the location. Through the administration of questionnaires, specifically designed questions will be asked to the tenants concerning the achievement of the GWS Housing Group’s objectives and the process involved. Questionnaires will not only be used in obtaining data on whether the project goals were met or not, but also on the manner in which the activities took place and suggestions on the key areas of improvement (Saris Gallhofer 2007, p. 249). This, however, will require the administration of the open ended questions in the questionnaire. In addition, this tool will be used to find out whether the activities of the Tenant Focused Housing Services have had any bearing to the tenants and the surrounding communities. In order to ascertain the appropriateness of the evaluation tool to be used for the process, it is important to first carry out a baseline study on the population size and the modalities of the study area. This can provide a hint on the exact components of study that are required. Location LB can also use the focus groups to gather information from the many people who comprise its population. In this case, small groups comprising of between six to twelve people will take part in a discussion on specific issues of the subject in a bid of reveal self disclosure among the tenants. This is an effective way of involving the stakeholders in making decisions concerning issues that affect their welfare. Incidentally, both the questionnaire and the focus groups will be used as the evaluation techniques for obtaining information for the online choice based letting process and the appointment of contractors for repairs on their es tate. Indeed, these are the key priority areas in which the involvement of the tenants is required (Russ-Eft Preskill 2009, p. 428). In order to effectively analyze the stakeholders’ response, it could have been prudent if the GWS Housing Group provided more information about the details of the tenants under the basic information column. Of particular importance is the age groups and distribution amongst the locations. However, having demonstrated an in depth analysis on the requirements, the processes of the evaluation and the crucial aspect of involving the tenants in decision making; my final submission is that the objectives of the program will definitely be accomplished. References Bozarth, J 2008, From analysis to evaluation, with cd-rom: tools, tips, and techniques for trainers, John Wiley Sons San Francisco. Hunston, S 2010, Corpus approaches to evaluation: phraseology and evaluative language, Taylor Francis, Kansas. Russ-Eft, D, Preskill, H 2009, Evaluation in or ganizations: a systematic approach to enhancing learning, performance, and change, Basic Books, New York. Saris, WE, Gallhofer, IN 2007, Design, evaluation, and analysis of questionnaires for survey research, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken. Weiss, JW 2008, Business ethics: a stakeholder and issues management approach, Cengage Learning, Mason.

1867 reform act

In 1867 the second reform act was passed by Disraeli, there were many factors which brought about the reform act and public pressure was definitely one of them however there were other factors which helped the 1867 reform act to be passed, such as the conservatives being opportunists, the personal ambitions of Disraeli and also the fear of unrest that pushed the act to be passed. Public pressure had a large part to do with the passing of the 1867 reform bill in many ways. Most working class men at this time felt they were ready for the vote, this lead to the creation of pressure groups these would campaign for enfranchisement. In 1864 the national reform union was set up, this was mainly aimed at bringing the interests of the working and middle class men together in politics. Also created in 1864 was the reform league, although similar to the national reform union this was much more radical, it mainly aimed towards having universal male suffrage and a secret ballot. These groups would hold rallies of over 100,000 to try and put pressure on the government and get the bill passed, these groups doing this is significant evidence that public pressure could have been a large contributor to the passing of the act. It could also be argued that not only was the government being pressured into reform by these groups but it was scared of the repercussions and outbursts that could follow if the act was not passed. During this time Britain had gone through many difficult times such as , economic depression, a cholera epidemic and quite high unemployment. This would make the government anxious about the current temper of the general public and therefore wouldn’t want to upset them. An example of the public unrest would have been the Hyde park riots of 1867, where railings were ripped off windows were smashed and there was great uproar. This is then evidence that the bringing about of the 1867 reform act was also due to other reasons and not totally on pressure from the public, however it could be said that this fear of unrest was amplified by the pressure groups which would then suggest that public pressure was the main cause. Disraeli knew that to get this act passed and to stay in power he needed to take another step towards democracy, he wanted to attract the support of the back bench conservatives and the adullamites this is why the 1867 bill was much more moderate than the previous liberal 1866 bill. In the 1866 bill Gladstone had introduced the enfranchisement of people paying more than ? 7 in rent in the boroughs and ? 10 in the counties. This I believe was simply to radical and this is why I think it failed. The failure of the previous 1866 reform act by Gladstone I would say is also a contributor to the passing of the 1867 bill as people were not happy with this and therefore Disraeli saw his chance to strike and get the conservatives back into power. It could also be argued that the 1867 reform was pushed through as an opportunist act. At this time the conservatives had not been in power for over 20 years, at the time the liberal party was split, some wanting reform some not. The conservatives couldn’t miss this opportunity to get back into power or they could be out for another 20 years or even more. The death of Lord Palmerston in 1865 was a gateway as he had previously been the barrier to the idea of reform. The liberal party then didn’t sort out there problems and their government collapsed, this was when Disraeli saw the real opportunity and he put the conservatives in power in 1867. I would say that the opportunist mind of Disraeli and the conservatives was a large contributor of the passing of the act as if Disraeli hadn’t of seized the opportunity when the liberals were weakened he may have never had the chance. In conclusion I would argue that yes the pressure of the people on the government was large contributor to the bringing in of the reform act however it was not the only thing pushing for the act to be passed, conservative opportunism and fear of riot and revolt are just two other reasons that could have considerably helped to pass the 1867 reform bill.

Language diversity and global media Research Proposal

Language diversity and global media - Research Proposal Example However, a major concern facing advertisers now is the possibility that historical criticisms directed at limited or stereotypical advertising content involving minorities (Westerman, 1989; Wilson and Guitierrez, 1995) may have created a negative atmosphere for these consumers to receive current multicultural marketing communication efforts. Similarly, as in-language media continues to grow, some have come to question the usefulness of general market English language media channels to reach consumers from ethnic minority groups (NCM.com, 2005). Although extensive research since the 1960s has generally acknowledged improvements in the portrayals of minorities in advertising, scholars and practitioners alike still suggest a need for more frequent and more positive portrayals, along with a broader range of roles and a greater degree of accuracy in the portrayals (Taylor and Bang, 1997). Some have suggested that ethnic media--that is, culturally relevant and/or in-language media--may be a better means for successfully reaching and representing ethnic minority consumers than general market English language media (Kalita, 2005; NCM.com, 2005; Yin, 2002) With increasing improvements of minority portrayals in general media and the development of ethnic media, one area that has been largely overlooked in the literature has been how ethnic minorities actually feel about portrayals of themselves in advertising (Green, 1999; Grier and Brumbaugh, 1999; Holland and Gentry, 1999). Attitudes such as these help form the media environment that in turn determines advertising message effectiveness. A meaningful research agenda relevant to today's media landscape should therefore be to find out (1) if ethnic minorities desire more representation and/or more accurate representation in the media and (2) if the historical criticisms have created a generally negative attitude among ethnic minority consumers and thus a difficult media environment within which a rejection of "mainstream" English language media outlets may exist. To address these issues, African and Latin Americans were selected as the focus of a study as they represent the largest ethn ic minority populations in the United States, and these groups have been receiving a significant amount of attention from marketers (Minority Markets Alert IX, 1997). Size, Growth Rates, And Purchasing Power Today, there are just over 281 million Americans in the United States and nearly one in four claims to have non-European ethnicities (U.S. Census Bureau, 2002). In some of the nation's largest cities (e.g., New York City, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., Atlanta) more than half of the residents are nonwhites, and in some cases up to 70 percent of a large city's population consists of minorities. This demographic shift is predicted to continue with non-European ethnicities expected to exceed 50 percent of the U.S. population by the middle of this century (U.S. Census Bureau, 2002). Therefore, to ensure effective marketing communication, it is necessary that marketers understand all aspects of the various ethnic minority groups, ranging from their size and spending power to media use patterns and beliefs regarding marketing efforts. According to the